Fascism - A Dreamless Nightmare

Author: Zheng Yinda
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2006-07-01
Features: After 1945, the ghost of fascism never faded away, stirring in over 60 Western and Eastern countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Belgium, Austria, and the Netherlands. Until the early 1990s of the 20th century, with economic crises and waves of immigration occurring in most Western countries, fascist organizations and far-right forces seized the opportunity to rise. Among them, the "Movement for Social Italy—National Right" party achieved a vote share of 13.5% in the national election in March 1994 and joined the ruling National Alliance. After the transformation of the Soviet and Eastern European systems, various fascist organizations also emerged in large numbers. However, overall, since the end of World War II, fascist development has been restrained by multiple factors.
First, the World War II instigated by fascism brought immense disasters to the world's people. The large-scale massacres of other ethnic groups by fascist nations further ignited widespread indignation. Through World War II, fascism completely exposed its evil nature, and the world's people generally detested it—this is the fundamental reason restricting the expansion of fascist forces.
Second, the pre-war fascist centers of Germany, Italy, and Japan, after the war, under various domestic and international factors, included clauses in their constitutions prohibiting the resurgence of fascism.
Third, Eastern European countries such as Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, which were active sites of fascist activity before World War II, adopted socialist paths after the war, eliminating the foundation for the emergence of fascism.
Fourth, fascist organizations in Western Europe mostly cooperated with the German aggressors during the war, becoming their lackeys in enslaving their own people. This fundamentally negated their self-proclaimed "nationalism."
These conditions made post-war fascist organizations and parties lack a broad popular base, with small organizational scales. Except for a few exceptions, most had only thousands of members, some even only a few to a dozen, and were operating underground, making it difficult for them to come to power.
The countries where new fascist forces were most active are Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Due to the national chauvinism pursued by fascist organizations and parties in each country, in the first half of the 20th century, despite fascist states forming political and military alliances, no fascist international organization emerged.
After the end of World War II, the survival environment for fascism became unfavorable, and the restrictions imposed by national laws on fascist organizations varied in strictness. As a result, a new phenomenon emerged in the fascist movement: the formation of transnational organizations to evade strict restrictions on fascist organizations in certain countries.
Therefore, one characteristic of post-war fascist movements is the emergence of two fascist international organizations: one is the "European New Order" organization headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, which, in addition to having a significant influence in Italy, has secret branches in France, Belgium, Austria, and other countries. The other is the "Black International," which has secret bases in Germany, France, Belgium, the United States, Australia, Argentina, Chile, and other countries.
The term "new fascism" is a general name for various types of fascist organizations after World War II. Upon closer examination, it can be roughly divided into four types.
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