What are the symptoms of male orchitis?

Patient's question:

I've been feeling discomfort in my testicles recently, which has affected my normal sexual life. After doing some research, I think it might be orchitis. I don't know why this is happening. What are the symptoms of orchitis? What are the symptoms of orchitis in men?

Doctor's answer:

Acute orchitis is mostly unilateral, with rapid onset, often accompanied by chills and high fever. The affected testis swells and becomes painful, with referred pain to the ipsilateral inguinal region and lower abdomen. It may also cause systemic discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, abdominal pain may occur. Orchitis associated with mumps has symptoms of mumps. Chronic orchitis presents as chronic atrophy, with a hard texture and mild tenderness upon light palpation. In some cases, the testis may atrophy, leaving only a relatively reduced epididymis that can be palpated, while the testis itself cannot be felt. When orchitis spreads from the epididymis to the testis, the boundary between the two becomes unclear.

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