Patient's question:
What are the general factors or causes that lead to female infertility?Doctor's answer:
Hello, there are many factors or causes that can lead to female infertility. Here are a few points I've encountered that worsen the situation:(1) Anovulation
(2) Tubal factors
(3) Uterine factors
(4) Cervical factors
(5) Vaginal factors
(6) Immunological factors
(7) Rapid weight loss - ovulation disorder
(8) Frequent alcohol consumption - root cause of infertility
(9) Coffee - affects fertility
(10) Disordered lifestyle - difficulty conceiving
(1) Anovulation: The following factors can disrupt ovarian function, leading to anovulation.
a. Ovarian disorders, such as congenital ovarian dysgenesis, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, functional ovarian tumors, and endometrioma of the ovary.
b. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction, causing anovulatory menstruation or amenorrhea.
c. Systemic diseases (e.g., severe malnutrition, hyperthyroidism), which impair ovarian function and result in anovulation.
(2) Tubal factors: This is the most common cause of infertility. The fallopian tubes are responsible for transporting sperm, capturing sperm, and delivering the fertilized egg to the uterine cavity. Any factor that affects these functions can lead to infertility. For example, fallopian tube malformation (e.g., excessive length, curvature, weakened muscle contraction, loss of ciliary movement and peristalsis) or fallopian tube inflammation (e.g., caused by gonorrhea, tuberculosis) can lead to fimbrial occlusion or damage to the fallopian tube mucosa, resulting in blockage. Additionally, secondary infections from appendicitis or postpartum/operative complications can cause tubal obstruction and infertility.
(3) Uterine factors: Congenital uterine malformations or submucosal uterine fibroids can cause infertility or miscarriage after conception. Endometritis, endometrial tuberculosis, endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions, or poor endometrial secretion can affect the implantation of the fertilized egg.
(4) Cervical factors: The amount and consistency of cervical mucus are closely related to whether sperm can enter the uterine cavity. Insufficient estrogen or cervical canal infection can alter the quality and quantity of mucus, affecting sperm vitality and the number of sperm that enter. Cervical polyps or fibroids can block the cervical canal, hindering sperm passage, while cervical stenosis can also cause infertility.
(5) Vaginal factors: Adhesion and scar-type stenosis formed after vaginal injury, or congenital absence of the vagina, transverse vaginal septum, or imperforated hymen can all affect sexual intercourse and obstruct sperm entry. Severe vaginal inflammation can consume energy substances in semen, reducing sperm vitality and shortening their survival time, thereby affecting fertility.
Regarding the treatment of these conditions, our hospital specializes in this field. If you have any needs, I recommend visiting us. Finally, I wish you good health.