What are the factors or causes of female secondary infertility?

Patient's question:

I used to have a child, but later when I wanted another one, I couldn't get pregnant.

Doctor's answer:

(1) Artificial abortion, medication abortion: Induced abortion and medication abortion are the main culprits leading to secondary infertility. As the number and frequency of artificial abortions increase, the number of women suffering from secondary infertility also rises. Induced abortion has become one of the primary factors or causes of secondary infertility. The psychological pain caused by secondary infertility to patients is no less than the physical pain from the abortion surgery. Induced abortion may damage the endometrium, leading to amenorrhea or reduced menstrual flow, or it may cause endometritis, preventing the fertilized egg from implanting and resulting in secondary infertility. Induced abortion can also cause adnexitis, leading to blocked fallopian tubes, accumulation of fluid, and other issues, which may cause secondary infertility.
(2) Immunological infertility: Individuals with a history of pregnancy and induced abortion are more prone to produce antisperm antibodies and anti-endometrial antibodies, which can lead to immunological infertility.

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