Art Capitalism

Author: Wang Hongyuan
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2006-05-01
Features: This book is the historical part. The founders of Marxism regarded all sciences as historical sciences. As a historical science, it has two historical thinking forms that are interrelated yet distinct: empirical history and mental history. These two forms are records and archives of practical activities in understanding nature, society, and thinking, serving as the matrix or platform for scientific interpretation of the history of thought. Engels explicitly pointed out that political economy is essentially a historical science. Therefore, this history forms the common foundation for the last three parts of the book. Next is the theoretical part, which discusses the development of human thinking, where there are levels of empirical thinking and scientific thinking. History is experiential and practical, and the activities of historical individuals are mostly personal, sensory historical activities, characterized by spontaneity, blindness, and contingency in empirical terms. Thus, the empirical thinking of historical individuals must rise to scientific thinking, becoming universal and law-based theoretical thinking. This includes two theoretical paradigms: theoretical thinking forms (such as concepts, categories, laws, systems) and theoretical thinking methods. Engels stated that a nation cannot afford to be without theoretical thinking if it wishes to stand at the peak of science. This is a key reason why the book transitions from historical narration to theoretical discussion. After the theoretical part comes the methodological part, where method is the essence of any theoretical system. The fate of theoretical thinking forms and methods differs. Because theoretical thinking forms and methods derived from historical practice develop along with the development of historical practice, some forms are retained while others decline, but in comparison, theoretical thinking methods remain evergreen. Just as a theory building is completed, the "scaffolding" of methods used to construct it must be moved to a new construction site. Therefore, the book transitions from theory to method. Finally, the fourth part is the artistic part. In Greek semantics, the word "art" has a dual meaning: one is a work of beauty, and the other is creation, skill, and craftsmanship. The character "yi" in ancient Chinese originally meant planting or（《·》), referring to those skilled in planting and, thus embodying both skill and beauty. This book is the historical part. The founders of Marxism regarded all sciences as historical sciences. As a historical science, it has two historical thinking forms that are interrelated yet distinct: empirical history and mental history. These two forms are records and archives of practical activities in understanding nature, society, and thinking, serving as the matrix or platform for scientific interpretation of the history of thought. Engels explicitly pointed out that political economy is essentially a historical science. Therefore, this history forms the common foundation for the last three parts of the book. Next is the theoretical part, which discusses the development of human thinking, where there are levels of empirical thinking and scientific thinking. History is experiential and practical, and the activities of historical individuals are mostly personal, sensory historical activities, characterized by spontaneity, blindness, and contingency in empirical terms. Thus, the empirical thinking of historical individuals must rise to scientific thinking, becoming universal and law-based theoretical thinking. This includes two theoretical paradigms: theoretical thinking forms (such as concepts, categories, laws, systems) and theoretical thinking methods. Engels stated that a nation cannot afford to be without theoretical thinking if it wishes to stand at the peak of science. This is a key reason why the book transitions from historical narration to theoretical discussion. After the theoretical part comes the methodological part, where method is the essence of any theoretical system. The fate of theoretical thinking forms and methods differs. Because theoretical thinking forms and methods derived from historical practice develop along with the development of historical practice, some forms are retained while others decline, but in comparison, theoretical thinking methods remain evergreen. Just as a theory building is completed, the "scaffolding" of methods used to construct it must be moved to a new construction site. Therefore, the book transitions from theory to method. Finally, the fourth part is the artistic part. In Greek semantics, the word "art" has a dual meaning: one is a work of beauty, and the other is creation, skill, and craftsmanship. The character "yi" in ancient Chinese originally meant planting or（《·》), referring to those skilled in planting and, thus embodying both skill and beauty.