Motor Engineering Handbook: Automation and Communications Volume

Author: Chief Editor: Zhou Juan
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1997-06-01
Features: Preface to the Second Edition
The Motor Engineering Handbook is a comprehensive and systematic toolbook that summarizes the main technical content of various disciplines in motor engineering. It was first published in the 1970s. The revision of the second edition was based on the first edition, updating the content and improving shortcomings, further highlighting the characteristics of a comprehensive handbook as "comprehensive, refined, up-to-date, and accurate." This makes it better adapted to the needs of scientific and technological development and serves the socialist modernization construction of our country.
I. Key Points of Revision
1. In terms of new technologies, it thoroughly incorporates major new technological achievements from both domestic and international sources, adding chapters related to modern electrical engineering technologies such as microelectronics, power electronics, automation, new energy, new materials, optical fiber communication, and laser. For new branches in traditional disciplines, such as DC transmission, AC speed regulation technology, sensing technology, servo technology, and electromagnetic compatibility technology, some chapters were strengthened or newly created.
2. In terms of fundamentals, to meet the needs of reform and opening-up and better serve readers in improving comprehensive analysis, adaptability, and innovation capabilities, the fundamental theories, technologies, components, and materials of electrical engineering, as well as the basics of modern enterprise management, were either significantly expanded or new chapters were added.
3. In terms of applications, the scope of electrical energy application was broadened, further expanding to fields such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation, household, medical, and scientific research. Dedicated chapters were also set up for widely applicable devices such as laser, electron beam, ion beam devices and accelerators, as well as the application of computers.
4. In terms of integration, to adapt to the increasing integration of modern science, the design of the chapter structure, the arrangement and writing of each chapter, and the content were carefully planned to better reflect the interweaving and permeation among different disciplines, revealing the underlying connections and better implementing the editorial principle of "focusing on the whole, outlining the general picture, reflecting commonalities, and highlighting key points." For example, to extract common technologies, chapters such as General Theory of Motors and General Manufacturing Processes of Electrical Products were added, while the content of comprehensive technologies such as environmental protection, reliability, energy saving, and safety was also enriched.
II. Content and Structure
The second edition mainly includes five parts: Fundamentals, Electrical Equipment, Power Systems, Electrical Energy Applications, and Automation and Communication, totaling 58 chapters, divided into 8 volumes.
1. The Fundamentals part consists of general electrical engineering fundamentals, technical fundamentals, basic components and materials, as well as the basics of modern enterprise management, totaling 18 chapters, divided into 2 volumes. New chapters include electronic circuits, electronic computers, reliability technology, general manufacturing processes of electrical products, the basics of modern enterprise management, and electrical standards and technical regulations.
2. The Electrical Equipment part includes conventional and special electrical equipment such as motors and transmission, transformation, and distribution equipment, totaling 13 chapters, divided into 2 volumes.
3. The Power Systems part consists of branches such as the generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, and supply of electrical energy, totaling 9 chapters, combined into 1 volume. New chapters include other energy generation and industrial and civilian building power supply.
4. The Applications part includes commonly used and some emerging electrical equipment in industries, transportation, scientific research, medical fields, and daily life, totaling 11 chapters, divided into 2 volumes. New chapters include laser, electron beam, ion beam devices and accelerators, electric traction, the application of electricity in water transport, highways, and civil aviation, electrostatic technology, and other applications of electricity.
5. The Automation and Communication part consists of various automatic control systems, computer applications, and communication, totaling 7 chapters, combined into 1 volume. New chapters include numerical control technology and machining automation, computer-integrated manufacturing systems, computer applications, and electrical communication.
III. Arrangement and Reference
The content of the handbook involves numerous disciplines, with extensive volumes that interweave and intersect. To facilitate reference, the handbook is organized into chapters by discipline and compiled into volumes. Each chapter is divided into chapters, sections, sub-sections, and items. In terms of arrangement, each volume has a retrieval system composed of a table of contents and an index, as well as a reference system composed of internal references and references.
1. In terms of the retrieval system, each volume prints the table of contents and chapter titles of the entire handbook, as well as the hierarchical structure of chapters and sections (two levels), providing an overview of the entire handbook and the internal connections between volumes and chapters. The table of contents also includes an English translation. At the end of each volume, a subject index is listed, arranged in pinyin order, which connects related content scattered across different chapters, facilitating readers in searching for relevant information.
2. In terms of the reference system, internal references are determined after coordinating the same content written in different chapters, ensuring that the content in different chapters remains interconnected, complementary, or supplementary, reducing repetition. References are divided into recommended and source types. The former recommends valuable reference materials to provide clues for readers' in-depth research, extending the content of a comprehensive handbook. The latter, also known as citation notes, are listed at the end of relevant pages or below relevant figures. Their purpose is to inform readers of the sources of the information, facilitating comparison and reference.
3. Most chapters in the handbook have an introduction (or overview) to outline the general content. Generally, they reflect the connotation, laws, commonalities, and internal and external connections of the respective disciplines, helping readers gain a comprehensive understanding of each discipline. Readers can use the introduction as a guide when exploring unfamiliar knowledge areas.
4. There are certain connections between chapters in the handbook and between chapters and sections within chapters, playing a complementary role. For example, each chapter in the Electrical Equipment volume primarily covers basic knowledge such as the basic principles, structure, performance, design and manufacturing, and applications of each type of motor and electrical equipment, generally not extending into overly detailed or in-depth discussions. If readers need more in-depth knowledge in a vertical or horizontal direction, they should refer to the corresponding chapters in the relevant volumes. For engineering calculations involving mathematics, materials, components, and testing methods, readers should refer to the corresponding chapters in the Fundamentals volume. For content related to automatic control, readers should refer to the corresponding chapters in the Automation and Communication volume. For content related to the relationship between electrical equipment and power grids, readers should refer to the corresponding chapters in the Power Systems volume. For content related to various applications, readers should refer to the relevant chapters in the Applications volume. By synthesizing and analyzing the knowledge obtained from different chapters, readers may gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding.
IV. Other
1. The terminology used throughout the handbook follows the natural science terms published by the National Natural Science Terminology Committee and the technical terms stipulated by relevant national or industry standards. For terms without standards, the handbook adopts the commonly used terminology in each discipline and strives for uniformity throughout the handbook and its volumes.
2. The units, symbols, and quantities in the handbook follow GB3100–3102—93 Quantities and Units and the Legal Metrological Units of the People's Republic of China. In some fields, both legal and non-legal metrological units are listed, or conversion relationships between the two are provided for convenience of reference and use.
3. All standards mentioned in the handbook are current national or industry standards. For electrical diagrams, graphical symbols, project codes and letter symbols in electrical technology, and electrical drawing, the handbook follows the national standards GB4728–84, 85 Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams, GB5094—85 Project Codes in Electrical Technology, GB7159—87 General Principles for the Establishment of Letter Symbols in Electrical Technology, and GB6988—86 Electrical Drawing. For some necessary standards, their comparison with old standards is also provided.
4. The authorship of the handbook adopts a combination of individual and organizational names. The leading units, writing units, lead editors, writers, and chief reviewers are listed at the beginning of each chapter. Writing units and writers are arranged in the order of their contributions to the content. The handbook has now been presented to the readers. However, there are still many aspects of the overall arrangement and specific issues that are not entirely satisfactory. We welcome the readers' criticism and corrections.
The Motor Engineering Handbook (Second Edition) consists of 8 volumes and 58 chapters, divided into five major parts: Fundamentals, Equipment, Power Systems, Applications, and Automation and Communication. This volume is the Automation and Communication volume, covering 7 chapters: Electrical Drive Control Systems, Numerical Control Technology and Machining Automation, Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Industrial Automation Instruments and Devices, Continuous Production Process Control Systems, Computer Applications, and Electrical Communication. Due to the rapid development of electronic technology, computer technology, automatic control, and communication technology, the landscape of industrial automation is changing. In the chapter on Electrical Drive Control Systems, the development of DC speed regulation, AC speed regulation, and digital control is reflected due to the advancement of power electronics and computer technology. In terms of production process automation, two types of systems are introduced: discrete control systems represented by numerical control technology, mechanical machining automation, and computer-integrated manufacturing systems, and continuous production process control systems composed of industrial automation instruments and devices and their objects, as well as closely related computer technology and communication technology.
This handbook is primarily intended for a broad range of motor engineering technicians with intermediate to advanced technical levels, serving as a reference for comprehensive research and handling of technical issues in their own and related disciplines. It can also be used as a reference for university teachers and students and other relevant personnel.
Excerpt:
Chapter 2 Selection of Drive Motors
2.1 Types of Drive Motors
2.1.1 Steps and Principles for Selecting Drive Motors
The selection of drive motors primarily involves determining the type and specifications of the motor. Generally, the steps for selection are shown in Figure 1·2－1. When verifying the motor's heat generation, minimum starting torque, allowable maximum flywheel torque, and overload torque, the most severe conditions from the production machinery's various load diagrams and duty cycles should be selected for calculation. If all conditions meet the requirements and there is an appropriate capacity margin (about 10%), the selected motor can be used. Otherwise, a new rating should be selected and recalculation performed. When selecting a motor, the following principles should be considered:
(1) The selection should comprehensively consider factors such as the quality of the power supply grid (grid capacity, allowable voltage fluctuation range, power factor), starting and braking characteristics (load torque during startup, GD2 size, limitations on starting and braking time, whether rapid forward and reverse operation is required, allowable impact on the grid, frequency of starting and braking, whether energy needs to be fed back during braking), speed regulation performance (required speed regulation range and accuracy, smoothness of speed regulation, duration of low-speed operation), and control characteristics to select an appropriate type of motor and control method.
(2) The rated power should meet the load requirements but should not be excessively large. Excessive power will increase investment costs and may lead to issues such as high losses, low efficiency, low power factor, and large impact during startup when operating under light loads.
(3) Based on the temperature rise and environmental conditions, select appropriate ventilation methods, structural types, and protection levels.
(4) According to the on-site usage conditions and the requirements of the driven machinery, select the structure and installation method (e.g., shaft direction and shaft extension, using a base installation or flange installation, hanging on the wall or suspended), the connection method with the driven machinery (direct connection, gear box, belt drive, and chain drive), whether the transmission mechanism has vibration and impact, and the stability of the installation foundation.
(5) Prefer motors with high reliability, good interchangeability, easy maintenance, and standard ratings.
(6) Consider the initial investment and operating costs, taking into account factors such as the total investment of the motor and control equipment, efficiency, power factor, electricity costs, and annual maintenance costs of all equipment.