Coal-fired nitrogen oxide emission control technology

Author: Su Yaxin Mao Yuru Xu Zhang
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-04-01
Features: This book systematically introduces coal-fired nitrogen oxide emission control technologies. It begins by introducing the basic concepts and theories related to the entire book, then explains the formation mechanisms of different types of nitrogen oxides. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth introduction to low-nitrogen oxide combustion technologies, laying the foundation for subsequent practical applications. Chapter 4 discusses the application of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technologies in coal-fired boilers and introduces some novel technologies. Chapter 5 covers flue gas denitrification technologies and lists three successful cases to illustrate the points. This book can serve as a reference for production, design, and management personnel in fields such as energy and power engineering, environmental engineering, petrochemical industry, and metallurgy, as well as for relevant researchers. It can also be used as a reference textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in thermal engineering, engineering thermophysics, and environmental engineering.
Introduction This book systematically introduces coal-fired nitrogen oxide emission control technologies. It begins by introducing the basic concepts and theories related to the entire book, then explains the formation mechanisms of different types of nitrogen oxides. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth introduction to low-nitrogen oxide combustion technologies, laying the foundation for subsequent practical applications. Chapter 4 discusses the application of low-nitrogen oxide combustion technologies in coal-fired boilers and introduces some novel technologies. Chapter 5 covers flue gas denitrification technologies and lists three successful cases to illustrate the points. This book can serve as a reference for production, design, and management personnel in fields such as energy and power engineering, environmental engineering, petrochemical industry, and metallurgy, as well as for relevant researchers. It can also be used as a reference textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in thermal engineering, engineering thermophysics, and environmental engineering.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Composition and Main Sources of Atmospheric Pollutants
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Atmospheric Composition
1.1.3 Atmospheric Pollution Status and Main Sources of Pollutant Gases
1.2 Hazards of Nitrogen Oxides
1.2.1 Mechanism of NOx Harm to the Human Body
1.2.2 Characteristics of Poisoning and Clinical Manifestations
1.2.3 Hazards of NOx to the Environment—Photochemical Smog and Its Hazards
1.3 Determination Methods of Nitrogen Oxides
1.4 Atmospheric Emission Standards and Regulations
References
Chapter 2 NOx Formation Mechanism
2.1 Content, Chemical Structure, and Decomposition Characteristics of Nitrogen in Coal During Combustion
2.1.1 Coal Structure
2.1.2 Content of Nitrogen in Coal
2.1.3 Decomposition-Release Characteristics of Nitrogen During Coal Combustion
2.2 NOx Formation Mechanism
2.2.1 Thermal NOx
2.2.2 Rapid NOx
2.2.3 Fuel NOx
2.3 N2O Formation Mechanism
2.3.1 Homogeneous Reactions
2.3.2 Heterogeneous Reactions
2.3.3 Decomposition of N2O
2.3.4 Factors Affecting N2O Formation-Decomposition
2.4 NOx Control Mechanism During Coal Combustion
2.4.1 Control of Thermal NOx
2.4.2 Control of Rapid NOx
2.4.3 Control of Fuel NOx
2.5 N2O Control Principle
2.6 Reaction Kinetics Models and Simulation
2.6.1 Gas Phase Reaction Kinetics Models of NOx
2.6.2 Reaction Models of Natural Gas Recirculation Denitrification
References
Chapter 3 Low-NOx Combustion Technology
3.1 Air Staging Combustion
3.1.1 Overview
3.1.2 Factors Affecting NOx Emission Reduction
3.1.3 Application Cases and Analysis
3.2 Fuel Staging Combustion
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Principle of Fuel Staging Combustion Technology
3.2.3 Influencing Factors
3.2.4 Advanced Recirculation Technology
3.3 Flue Gas Recirculation
3.4 Low Excess Air Combustion (LEA)
3.5 Rich-Light Deviation Combustion
3.6 Low-NOx Burners
3.6.1 Stage Combustion Type Low-NOx Burners
3.6.2 Rich-Light Deviation Type Low-NOx Burners
3.6.3 Flue Gas Recirculation Type Low-NOx Burners
3.6.4 Multi-Stage Staging Mixing Type Fuel Staging Low-NOx Burners
3.6.5 High-Speed Difference Jet Type Dual-Channel Self-Stabilizing Burners
3.7 Comparison of Low-NOx Combustion Technologies
References
Chapter 4 Low-NOx Operation of Coal-Fired Boilers and Novel Low-NOx Technologies
4.1 Low-NOx Operation Technology of Pulverized Coal Boilers
4.1.1 Corner-Installed Direct-Fired Low-NOx Combustion System with "Fire-Up" Nozzles
4.1.2 Coaxial Combustion System with Axial Secondary Air
4.1.3 Low-NOx Coaxial Combustion System with Counter-Rotating Primary Air
4.1.4 Low-NOx Coaxial Combustion System for Low-Volatile Coal
4.1.5 DACCS-DBC Low-NOx Combustion System
4.1.6 TFS Combustion System
4.2 Low-NOx Combustion of Liquid-Fired Boilers
4.3 Layer-Fired Boiler NOx Emission Reduction Technology
4.3.1 Optimized Air Distribution
4.3.2 Fuel Recirculation in Layer-Fired Boilers
4.3.3 Flue Gas Recirculation in Layer-Fired Boilers
4.4 Methods for Reducing NOx Emissions in Fluidized Bed Boilers
4.5 Water-Cement Slurry Combustion Technology
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 Characteristics of Water-Cement Slurry
4.5.3 Low-NOx Combustion Technology of Water-Cement Slurry
4.6 Pulsating Combustion
4.6.1 Overview
4.6.2 Types and Structures of Pulsating Combustion Devices
4.6.3 Working Principle of Pulsating Burners
4.6.4 Research on Pulsating Combustion for NOx Reduction
4.6.5 Coal-Fired Pulsating Combustion Technology
4.7 Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Technology
4.7.1 Overview
4.7.2 Coal-Fired Gas-Steam Combined Cycle
4.7.3 Comparison of Pollutant Emission Results of Coal-Fired Combined Cycle Technologies
References
Chapter 5 Flue Gas Denitrification Technology
5.1 Dry Flue Gas Denitrification Technology
5.1.1 Selective Catalytic Reduction
5.1.2 [Case] Flue Gas Denitrification System and Process Features of Fujian Houshi Power Plant 600MW Unit
5.1.3 Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
5.1.4 Carbonaceous Solid Reduction Method
5.1.5 Catalytic (Direct) Decomposition Method
5.1.6 Biochemical Denitrification Technology
5.1.7 Adsorption Denitrification Technology
5.2 Wet Flue Gas Denitrification Technology
5.2.1 Water Oxidation Absorption
5.2.2 Acid Absorption Method
5.2.3 Alkali Solution Absorption Method
5.2.4 Oxidation Absorption Method
5.2.5 Liquid Phase Reduction Absorption Method
5.2.6 Liquid Phase Chelation Absorption Method
5.2.7 Liquid Membrane Method
5.3 Plasma Process for NOx Treatment in Flue Gas
5.3.1 Concept of Plasma
5.3.2 Electron Beam NOx Treatment Technology
5.3.3 [Case] Industrial Test Device for Electron Beam Irradiation of Flue Gas for Desulfurization and Denitrification
5.3.4 [Case] Electron Beam Semi-Dry Flue Gas Purification Test Device
5.3.5 Gas Corona Discharge NOx Treatment Technology
5.4 Joint Removal of SO2-NOx and Dust
References
Chapter 6 Nitrogen-Free Combustion Technology
6.1 O2/CO2 Combustion Technology
6.1.1 Origin of O2/CO2 Combustion Technology
6.1.2 Main Research and Application Fields of O2/CO2 Combustion Technology
6.1.3 Mechanism of O2/CO2 Combustion Technology
6.1.4 Economic Comparison of O2/CO2 Combustion Technology
6.1.5 Circulating Fluidized Bed O2/CO2 Combustion Technology Test
6.2 Chemical Looping Combustion Technology
6.2.1 Principle of Chemical Looping Combustion Technology
6.2.2 Characteristics of Chemical Looping Combustion Technology System
6.2.3 Solid Reactant Materials and Reactors
References
Appendix
Appendix 1 Oxidation Mechanism of C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons
Appendix 2 Oxidation Reaction Mechanism of NH3
Appendix 3 Reaction Kinetics Model of Recirculation Denitrification
Appendix 4 Simplified Model of Natural Gas Recirculation Denitrification by Bilbao et al.