Author: Guo Chengkang
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1999-06-01
Features: The spread, erosion, expansion, and proliferation of the 18th-century Western European international order towards the East have pointed towards the last independent major country in Asia—China. The Qing emperors have also begun to feel an unprecedentedly severe crisis of national and ethnic survival.
18th Century China and the World: Politics Volume: Politics Volume
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