What is the success rate of sperm extraction through puncture?

Patient's question:

I had an epididymal puncture which did not reveal any sperm, and a testicular puncture found 2 C-grade sperm.

Doctor's answer:

In a testicular biopsy, if sperm is found, the pathology slides can be borrowed and sent to a formal major hospital's pathology department for consultation to further confirm whether sperm is present. If sperm is present, IVF can be performed (it is generally recommended to wait 3 months after the puncture, as the human spermatogenesis cycle is 70-74 days, with an average spermatogenesis cycle of about 3 months, allowing the testicular spermatogenesis function to recover). However, there are risks: if the pathology report indicates the presence of sperm, then single sperm injection (ICSI technology) can be performed.

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