What is the cause of testicular swelling and pain?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: Severe testicular pain
Duration and persistence of the current episode: 7, 8 years
Current general condition: Pain every day
Previous diagnosis and treatment history and effectiveness: Had varicocele surgery

Doctor's answer:

Left testicular swelling and pain are suspected to be caused by testicular torsion, testicular injury, orchitis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. Further diagnosis is needed before considering treatment.
If there is any abnormality, it will inevitably affect future sexual life and fertility. Since the causes differ, the treatments will also vary. It is necessary to combine specialized examinations to determine the condition. In this case, it is recommended to avoid overexertion, maintain a regular lifestyle, abstain from smoking and alcohol, and avoid spicy foods to prevent worsening the condition.
It is strongly advised not to self-medicate based on assumptions. You should seek medical treatment at a formal hospital as soon as possible to avoid delaying the diagnosis.