Heterogeneity Hypothesis of Enterprises (Evolutionary Economic Explanations for the Nature and Behavior of Firms)

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Features: In real economic activities, the essence of corporate competitive behavior or competitive strategy is the pursuit of differentiation. The diversity and innovation of corporate competitive behavior are the sources of real economic growth and continuous change. Faced with such a significant real-world issue, mainstream economic theory lacks explanatory power. The key issue is to explain price theory, where neoclassical economics assumes firms to be completely homogeneous optimizing producers. However, as organic entities of historical development, real-world firms are different, heterogeneous, and concrete. Under the assumption of bounded rationality, both firms' responses to external environmental changes and their own behavioral patterns exhibit significant differences, which ultimately determine the distinct survival and development spaces and competitive advantages among firms. Under the assumption of corporate heterogeneity, corporate competitive behavior or competitive advantages are endogenous. The accumulation of knowledge and capabilities in firms' innovative competition is the fundamental source of their sustained competitive advantages.