What are the specific causes of asthenozoospermia?

Patient's question:

After trying to conceive for three years without success, I went to the hospital for a check-up. My wife was fine, but I was diagnosed with low sperm count, with only a survival rate of about 10%. I would like to ask what are the specific causes of low sperm count?

Doctor's answer:

Generally speaking, the main causes of oligospermia and asthenozoospermia include:
① Inflammation of organs such as the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate leads to seminal plasma abnormalities, affecting sperm motility and survival.
② Varicocele, where impaired venous blood (edema) in the testicular area reduces sperm activity.
③ Deficiency of trace elements affects sperm motility.
④ Impaired testicular development, incomplete maturation or thinning of the spermatogenic epithelium, resulting in poor sperm quality and reduced vitality.
⑤ Insufficient seminal fluid volume affects sperm movement.
⑥ Production of antisperm antibodies in the body causes sperm agglutination or immobilization.

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