Patient's question:
The cervix has always had cysts, they are not large but there are two or three. What factors lead to cervical infertility?Doctor's answer:
First, cervicitis: causing infertilityThe cervix is located between the vagina and the uterus, serving as both an important protective barrier for the internal reproductive system and a crucial component of reproductive physiology and endocrine function. When cervicitis occurs, there is an increase in vaginal discharge, which differs in color and odor from normal discharge. It may appear as white or yellow, viscous, purulent, or malodorous. This alters the vaginal environment, increasing the presence of toxins and inflammatory cells, which is unfavorable for sperm survival and movement, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate the cervix and enter the uterine cavity, leading to infertility.
Second, cervical malformation:
- Absence of the cervix
- Bicornuate cervix
- Congenital cervical canal stenosis
- Congenital cervical elongation
- Abnormal anatomical positioning of the cervix: e.g., retroflexed cervix, anteflexed cervix
- Cervicitis: e.g., cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical canal inflammation
- Abnormal cervical mucus function: e.g., reduced mucus secretion, thick mucus syndrome
- Abnormal cervical immunological function: e.g., antisperm antibodies