Patient's question:
What factors lead to immune infertility? I've had antibody tests and they all came back normal, but how come I'm still told I have immune infertility?Doctor's answer:
First, autoimmune: It is generally believed that infertile women have zona pellucida autoantibodies in their serum. This zona pellucida can hinder sperm penetration into the egg after reaction, obstructing the forward movement of sperm. This is because sperm and seminal plasma develop antibodies against their own sperm in the body, causing the emitted sperm to agglutinate, making it unable to pass through cervical mucus, leading to infertility.Second, homologous immunity: Sperm, seminal plasma, or zygotes are antigenic substances. If they are absorbed by vaginal or uterine epithelial cells, an immune response and antibody production can occur, which may prevent fertilization with the zygote, resulting in female infertility.
Third, excessive sexual intercourse: Due to frequent sexual activity in women, the body produces a large amount of anti-sperm and anti-semen antibodies, preventing sperm and egg from combining, which can lead to female infertility.