What factors can cause testicular abnormalities?

Patient's question:

Hour check is mumps, now can not reproduce the result is the testis has problems

Doctor's answer:

1、True testicular enlargement is most commonly caused by orchitis, often accompanied by inflammatory symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Among these, orchitis associated with mumps is the most common. After the inflammation subsides, it may lead to the loss of sperm production function in the testicles, so bed rest is necessary.
2、False testicular enlargement should first be ruled out, such as hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis or inguinal hernia.