Patient's question:
Menstruating with blood cough, it has happened 4 times already. Each time, a small amount of blood is coughed up. I have been to the throat department and internal medicine department, and there were no problems found. A chest X-ray was also taken, and the doctor said there were no abnormalities. Can it be diagnosed as endometriosis? If so, what are the good treatment methods?Doctor's answer:
Hello, based on the current situation, it is not possible to identify the specific cause, because the examination methods for endometriosis are:1. B-mode ultrasound imaging, which helps understand ovarian endometriosis and its size, and occasionally can detect masses that cannot be palpated during pelvic examination.
2. Laparoscopic examination, which can directly visualize the affected areas, the extent and severity of the disease, and is currently the most reliable method for diagnosing endometriosis.
3. Exploratory laparotomy, which may be performed when laparoscopy is not available or has failed, and the diagnosis remains unclear. Biopsy is performed if endometriosis is suspected in areas such as the cervix, vagina, or abdominal scars, with tissue samples taken from the local lesions for pathological examination.
Treatment methods are mainly divided into two categories: surgery and medication. The choice of treatment should be based on the patient's age, the severity of the condition, and whether there are fertility requirements. Treatment should be tailored to the individual.
### I. Surgical Treatment:
The earliest method used for treating endometriosis, it remains one of the main approaches to this day. Surgical treatment is primarily suitable for patients with severe conditions or those with severe pain that does not respond to medication.
#### (1) Conservative Surgery:
Only the endometriotic lesions are removed while preserving the ovaries and uterus. This is suitable for young patients who wish to preserve their fertility, with approximately 50%-60% of them achieving pregnancy after surgery. However, the recurrence rate of pain is relatively high.
#### (2) Semi-radical Surgery:
Endometriotic lesions are removed along with the uterus, while at least part of the ovaries must be preserved. This is suitable for patients who have already given birth, are 35 years of age or older, suffer from persistent pain, or have concurrent uterine lesions. Semi-radical