What is the reason for vaginal bleeding after sex?

Patient's question:

...This makes me feel very scared, and for more than a month after that, I didn’t dare to engage in sexual activity anymore // What’s going on? If I don’t go to the hospital, is there any other way to treat it??? Please everyone help me think of a solution... I had never engaged in sexual activity before, but after getting married two months ago, I discovered that I...

Doctor's answer:

There are many gynecological conditions that can cause bleeding during sexual intercourse, including common ones such as cervical polyps, cervical erosion, submucosal uterine fibroids, post-implantation of an intrauterine device, senile vaginitis, cervical cancer, and vaginal cancer. Cervical erosion and cervical polyps are both manifestations of chronic cervical inflammation. Cervical polyps originate from the stimulation of chronic cervical inflammation, formed by the local proliferation of cervical canal mucosa gradually protruding outward. Their surface is covered with a layer of columnar epithelium, rich in microvessels, making them prone to bleeding upon contact. Cervical erosion is also caused by long-term inflammatory stimulation, leading to the shedding of squamous epithelium on the surface of the cervix, which is gradually covered by columnar epithelium proliferating from the cervical canal. Columnar epithelium is thin, with blood vessels and stroma beneath it, making it easy to bleed during sexual intercourse.

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