Biographical Critique of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi

Author: Lu Lianzhang
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2001-12-01
Features: Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi are the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. Based on an examination of the family background, academic paths, and official careers of the Cheng brothers, this book elucidates their philosophy, natural sciences, political economy, ethics, and educational thought within the context of the relationship between Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. It points out that Cheng Hao advocated the ontological view of "the mind is principle, and principle is the mind," while Cheng Yi proposed "where principle exists, qi also exists." This distinction also influenced their other teachings. However, their similarities were greater than their differences. Politically, they advocated "rectifying the ruler's mind" and prioritizing the people's well-being. Economically, they upheld the principle of prioritizing agriculture. In ethics, they insisted on upholding righteousness and overcoming private interests with public good. In education, they regarded education as the foundation for strengthening the nation and governing the state. Their teachings influenced later schools of thought, including Mind School and Principle School, and also had a significant impact on Confucianism in Japan and Korea.