Nursing Principles and Techniques.

Author: Luo Lianxia
Editor-in-Chief: Li Weidong
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1999-05-01
Features:
Segment:
ā?br>a. Fold the center of the bed sheet to place it in the middle of the bed, unfolding from the head of the bed to the foot. b. When removing soiled bed sheets, roll them away from the worker's side, with the side of the bed that the patient touched on the inside. c. Not every bed-making requires changing all bed sheets: temporary beds, cover sheets of beds with patients, rubber sheets, blankets, etc., can be reused if they are not dirty or wet. All sheets must be changed when the patient is discharged. (3) Change the bed sheets immediately when they are dirty. (4) Use of rubber sheets: Traditional bed-making methods include rubber sheets, but they are not easy to dissipate heat and are difficult to keep flat, which can easily increase patient discomfort. Current finished product materials have been modified and are used for patients with excessive wound secretions, coma, incontinence, or postpartum. (5) Use the cover sheet to properly wrap the blanket. After the patient is discharged, the blanket should be cleaned, dried in the sun, and stored properly to prevent dust and insect damage. Cotton quilts should be protected with a cover. (6) Do not use safety pins to mark the bed sheets. (7) Bed sheets should be used for their intended purpose and should not be repurposed. (8) Do not store bed sheets at the patient's bedside.
Maintaining Posture and Movement Methods
Maintaining a comfortable posture and assisting patients in adopting the correct posture is an important nursing procedure that can promote patient comfort and prevent muscle contractions, atrophy, and pressure sores caused by long-term bed rest. Posture refers to the relationship between a certain part of the body and other parts. A correct posture means the body is in a standard anatomical and physiological position, with all parts balanced and weight evenly distributed. A comfortable posture allows the patient to feel relaxed and at ease both with themselves and their surroundings. Nurses must have knowledge of assessing patient needs, a foundation in anatomy and physiology, and familiarity with various postures and support methods for maintaining comfort. When necessary, pillows, cushions, or other objects can be used to keep different parts of the body in good positions.
Purpose
1. Ensure normal organ development and maintain normal functions, such as sitting up (promotes breathing).
2. Enhance physical and mental comfort.
3. Prevent deformities and diseases, such as phlebitis, thrombosis, muscle atrophy, and joint contractions.
4. Promote drainage and prevent skin breakdown at bony prominences.
Principles
1. Maintain a good anatomical and physiological position.
(1) Keep functional positions, such as keeping joints slightly bent when lying down to avoid muscle tension and discomfort from prolonged extension.
(2) Allow organs to have the maximum space within the body cavity.
(3) Distribute weight evenly across the body.
2. Change the patient's position every 2 hours or as needed to reduce prolonged pressure on the skin and prevent pressure sores.
3. Exercise daily unless medically contraindicated.
4. Ensure full joint mobility when changing positions. Encourage patients who can move independently to do so.
5. Use clothing or bed sheets to appropriately cover the patient during the process to respect their privacy, maintain warmth, and promote physical and mental comfort.
6. Identify the parts of the body that bear weight in different positions and provide good skin care to prevent skin breakdown.