What are the differences between menopause and peri-menopause?

Patient's question:

I am 39 years old this year, and I have recently become very irritable. My personality was previously very gentle. My physical immunity has also declined. I suspect it might be menopause, so I want to ask what the difference is between menopause and perimenopause.

Doctor's answer:

For women, menopause and menarche are not the same period; they are distinct. Menopause refers to a phase before menarche. During menopause, most women may experience irregular menstruation again, as well as symptoms like night sweats, osteoporosis, and mood swings. During this period, the ovaries are irregular in menstruation, so pregnancy is still possible after sexual activity. After entering menopause, menstruation generally stops. The secretion function of the ovaries has already declined, and menopause will not occur again. After sexual activity, women will no longer be able to conceive. Menopause is a typical marker for women entering old age.

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