What are the differences between menopause and peri-menopause?

Patient's question:

I am 39 years old this year, and I have recently become very irritable. Previously, my personality was very gentle. My physical immunity has also declined. I suspect it might be menopause, so I want to ask what the difference is between menopause and perimenopause.

Doctor's answer:

For women, menopause and menarche are not the same period; they are distinct. Menopause refers to a phase before menarche. During menopause, most women may experience irregular menstruation again, as well as symptoms like night sweats, osteoporosis, and mood swings. During this period, the ovaries function irregularly, so pregnancy is still possible after sexual activity. After entering menarche, menstruation generally stops. The secretion function of the ovaries has already declined, and menarche will not occur again. After sexual activity, women will no longer be able to conceive. Menarche is a typical marker for women entering old age.

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