Gandhi

Author: Song Zigang (Editor)
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1998-10-01
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Principal of Peking University, Secretary Zhao Yulin
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Principal of Fudan University, Cao Tianren
Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 1869–1948) was a leader of India's independence movement in the 20th century and an advocate of nonviolent non-cooperation, renowned as the "Mahatma." He was deeply influenced by Hinduism from a young age and went to England for studies in 1888, where he encountered Western civilization. He obtained a law degree in 1891. Gandhi dedicated his life to India's independence, becoming famous for advocating rural social reform and nonviolent non-cooperation against British colonial rulers. However, after India gained independence in 1947, Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, in Delhi the following year.
Gandhi placed great importance on education. He not only criticized British colonial education for its cultural subjugation but also proposed his own vision for Indian education. In his famous "Construction Programme" published in 1940, Gandhi regarded education and social morality as the foundation of an ideal India. The main contents of the "Construction Programme" included:
1. Religious unity;
2. Abolition of the "untouchable" (Harijan) caste;
3. Prohibition of tobacco and alcohol;
4. Khadi (home-spun cloth);
5. Other rural industries;
6. Rural sanitation;
7. New basic education;
8. Adult education;
9. Improving the status of women;
10. Health and hygiene education;
11. Promoting the national language;
12. Loving one's own language;
13. Working for economic equality.
Around the concept of "basic education," Gandhi proposed his thoughts and plans for education, viewing it as a crucial path to achieving self-sufficiency in India.