Industrial Electrical Equipment and Automation

Author: Lu Jianguo
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-05-01
Features: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the content and some related knowledge involved in the electrical engineering foundation, electronics foundation, motors and electrical appliances, industrial detection instruments, process control instruments, and basic automation of production processes in technical professional fields. It integrates the traditional "Electrical Engineering" and "Process Automation" into a unified textbook, which can be used to complete the training objectives of technical professional students in vocational and technical colleges. It can also serve as a textbook for related majors such as petroleum, chemical, light industry, forestry, metallurgy, and papermaking in vocational and technical colleges, as well as a reference book for technical operators. The book is divided into two parts, totaling eleven chapters. Part 1 primarily describes the fundamentals of electrical and electronic technology and the use of industrial electrical appliances; Part 2 focuses on introducing the basic knowledge of industrial instruments and process automation. Each chapter is followed by exercises and discussion questions. According to the characteristics of vocational education, the eleventh chapter includes experiments and practical training. The book integrates theoretical elaboration, skill training, and application ability development, presenting a relatively novel system where knowledge points and ability points are closely linked, and the content is highly selective. The book is accompanied by a multimedia electronic CD-ROM, which includes electronic teaching plans for each chapter and a large amount of multimedia materials, using images and animations to deeply explain the key knowledge points. It is helpful for teaching and students' self-study.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
1. Nature and Tasks of the Course 1
2. Course Framework and Content 1
3. Introduction to Process Control Systems 2
4. Learning Methods for the Course 5
Part 1 Industrial Electrical Foundation
Chapter 1 Electrical Fundamentals 9
1.1 DC Circuits 9
a. Circuit Composition and Physical Quantities 9
b. Ohm's Law 12
c. Kirchhoff's Laws 13
d. Calculation of Potential in Circuits 15
1.2 Electromagnetic Characteristics 15
a. Magnetic Field of Current 16
b. Physical Quantities Describing the Magnetic Field 17
c. Ferromagnetic Materials 18
d. Magnetic Circuits 19
e. Self-Induction, Mutual Induction, and Eddy Currents 19
1.3 AC Circuit Characteristics 20
a. Sinusoidal AC 20
b. Single-Phase Sinusoidal AC Circuits 24
c. Three-Phase Sinusoidal AC Circuits 26
Exercises and Discussion Questions 29
Chapter 2 Common Electronic Devices and Their Applications 31
2.1 Common Electronic Devices 31
a. Semiconductor Diodes and Their Characteristics 31
b. Semiconductor Transistors and Their Characteristics 32
c. Structure and Characteristics of Field Effect Transistors 34
d. Thyristors 34
e. Integrated Circuits and Operational Amplifiers 35
2.2 Basic Electronic Circuits 36
a. Rectification and Filtering Circuits 36
b. AC Amplification Circuit of Transistors 38
c. Multi-Stage Amplifiers 40
d. Digital Circuits 41
2.3 Application Examples 45
a. DC Stabilization Circuits 45
b. Applications of Operational Amplifiers 45
c. Counters and Registers 47
d. Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters 47
Exercises and Discussion Questions 48
Chapter 3 Common Motors and Electrical Appliances 49
3.1 Common Low-Voltage Electrical Appliances 49
a. Classification of Low-Voltage Electrical Appliances 49
b. Manual Control Appliances 50
c. Contactor 52
d. Relay 52
e. Fuse 53
3.2 Induction Motor 53
a. Basic Structure of Three-Phase Induction Motor 53
b. Working Principle of Three-Phase Induction Motor 55
c. Nameplate of Three-Phase Induction Motor 56
d. Starting, Forward/Reverse Control, and Braking Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor 57
e. Single-Phase Induction Motor 63
f. Protection of Motors 64
3.3 Transformer 65
a. Structure of Transformer 65
b. Working Principle of Transformer 66
c. Classification of Transformer 67
d. Nameplate Data of Transformer 69
Exercises and Discussion Questions 70
Chapter 4 Electrical Measurement and Safe Use of Electricity 71
4.1 Electrical Measurement 71
a. Overview 71
b. Measurement of Current, Voltage, and Power 72
c. Multimeter 74
4.2 Safe Use of Electricity 76
a. Power Supply System 77
b. Electric Shock Accidents 77
c. Lightning Hazards and Protection 80
d. Static Electricity Hazards and Protection 80
e. Energy Conservation 81
Exercises and Discussion Questions 81
Part 2 Industrial Control Foundation
Chapter 5 Detection Instruments 85
5.1 Overview 85
a. Basic Knowledge of Measurement 85
b. Basic Knowledge of Detection Instruments 86
5.2 Pressure Detection and Instruments 88
a. Classification of Pressure Detection Instruments 88
b. Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge 89
c. DDZ-Ⅲ Type Torque Balance Pressure Transmitter 90
d. Other Differential Pressure Transmitters 90
e. Selection and Installation of Pressure Detection Instruments 92
5.3 Level Detection and Instruments 93
a. Basic Concepts of Level Detection 93
b. Differential Pressure Type Level Gauge 94
c. Buoyancy Type Level Gauge 95
d. Other Level Detection Instruments 96
5.4 Flow Detection Instruments 97
a. Basic Concepts of Flow Detection 97
b. Differential Pressure Type Flow Meter 98
c. Other Flow Instruments 99
d. Selection of Flow Detection Elements and Instruments 102
5.5 Temperature Detection Instruments 103
a. Basic Concepts of Temperature 103
b. Thermocouple Temperature Meter 103
c. Resistance Temperature Detector 106
d. Temperature Transmitter 107
e. Common Temperature Display Instruments 108
f. Selection and Installation of Temperature Detection Instruments 111
5.6 Automatic Component Detection and Instruments 112
a. Basic Knowledge of Analytical Instruments 112
b. Thermal Conductivity Gas Analyzer 113
c. Oxygen Analyzer 114
d. Industrial Conductivity Meter 116
e. Industrial pH Meter 116
f. Infrared Gas Analyzer 117
g. Industrial Gas Chromatograph 117
5.7 Sensor 118
a. Composition and Classification of Sensor 118
b. Applications of Common Sensors 120
Exercises and Discussion Questions 122
Chapter 6 Control Laws and Control Instruments 124
6.1 Common Control Laws 124
a. Two-Position Control 124
b. Proportional (P) Control 125
c. Proportional-Integral (PI) Control 127
d. Proportional-Derivative (PD) Control 129
e. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control 130
6.2 Basic Controllers and Their Applications 131
a. Electrical Controller 131
b. Digital Controller 134
6.3 Actuator 138
a. Composition and Working Principle of Pneumatic Actuator 138
b. Types and Working Modes of Control Valve 139
c. Flow Characteristics of Control Valve 141
d. Selection and Installation of Control Valve 143
e. Electric/Pneumatic Converter and Electric/Pneumatic Valve Positioner 144
Exercises and Discussion Questions 144
Chapter 7 Industrial Control Systems 146
7.1 Overview 146
a. Process Automatic Detection System 146
b. Process Automatic Control System 146
c. Transient Process and Quality Indicators of Process Automatic Control System 148
7.2 Object Characteristics 150
a. Two Basic Concepts Related to Object 150
b. Three Parameters Describing Object Characteristics 150
c. Impact of Disturbance Channel Characteristics on Control Quality 151
d. Impact of Control Channel Characteristics on Control Quality 152
7.3 Simple Control System and Determination of Control Scheme 152
a. Composition of Simple Control System 152
b. Control Symbol Diagram 153
c. Preliminary Reading of Simple Control Symbol Diagram 156
d. Determination of Control Scheme 156
7.4 Controller Parameter Tuning 158
a. Empirical Trial-and-Error Method 158
b. Decay Curve Method 158
c. Critical Proportionality Degree Method 159
7.5 Operation and Application Examples of Simple Control System 160
a. Preparation Work 160
b. Manual Operation 161
c. Switching to Automatic State 161
d. Parking of Control System 161
e. Fault Analysis, Judgment, and Handling of System 161
7.6 Complex Control Systems 163
a. Cascade Control System 163
b. Uniform Control System 165
c. Ratio Control System 167
d. Three-Input Control System 168
e. Split-Range Control System 168
f. Selective Control System 170
g. Feedforward Control System 171
7.7 Identification of Control Flow Diagram 172
a. Identification of Conventional Control Flow Diagram 172
b. Preliminary Reading of Computer Control Flow Diagram 175
Exercises and Discussion Questions 176
Chapter 8 Basics of Computer Control 178
8.1 Overview of Computer Control System 178
a. Composition and Characteristics of Computer Control System 178
b. Process Channel 179
c. Signal Processing, Control Algorithms, and Human-Machine Interface Devices 182
8.2 Distributed Control System 183
a. Basic Composition and Characteristics of Distributed Control System 184
b. Structure and Function of Distributed Control System 186
c. Communication Network of Distributed Control System 189
d. Software Architecture of Distributed Control System 190
e. Introduction to Common Distributed Control Systems 190
8.3 Fieldbus Control System 193
a. Basic Concepts 193
b. Fieldbus Control System and Its Applications 195
c. Enterprise Information System Based on Fieldbus 198
8.4 Programmable Controller and Control Technology 199
a. Main Characteristics of Programmable Controller 199
b. Composition of Programmable Controller 200
c. Classification of Programmable Controller 201
d. Working Process of Programmable Controller 202
e. Comparison of Programmable Controller with Other Sequential Logic Control Systems 202
f. Applications of Programmable Controller 204
Exercises and Discussion Questions 207
Chapter 9 Signal Alarm and Interlock Protection System 208
9.1 Basic Knowledge of Relay Protection 208
a. Composition of Signal Alarm and Interlock Protection System 208
b. Technical Requirements of Signal Alarm and Interlock Protection System 209
9.2 Automatic Signal Alarm and Circuit 209
a. Types of Automatic Signals 209
b. Composition of Signal Alarm System 210
c. Functions of Signal Alarm System 212
9.3 Automatic Interlock Protection and Circuit 214
a. Content of Interlock Protection 214
b. Interlock Protection Circuit 214
Exercises and Discussion Questions 216
Chapter 10 Typical Process Control Systems 218
10.1 Process Control of Boiler 218
a. Single-Input Level Control System 219
b. Dual-Input Level Control System 220
c. Triple-Input Level Control System 221
10.2 Process Control of Distillation Column 221
a. Control Requirements of Distillation Column 221
b. Main Disturbances of Distillation Column 222
c. Control Scheme of Distillation Column 222
Exercises and Discussion Questions 224
Chapter 11 Experiments and Practical Training 225
Experiment 1 Use of Common Electrical Instruments, Knowledge of Safe Use of Electricity, and Transformer Testing 225
Experiment 2 Understanding and Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor 227
Experiment 3 Understanding and Calibration of Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge (or Understanding of Pressure/Differential Pressure Transmitter) 229
Experiment 4 Calibration of Display Instruments 231
Practical Training 1 Basic Operation of Control System 233
Practical Training 2 Understanding and Operation of Distributed Control System (Physical or Simulation) 234
Practical Training 3 Understanding and Practice 235
Appendix 236
Appendix 1 Specifications and Models of Common Pressure Gauges 236
Appendix 2 Standardized Thermocouple Electromotive Force-Temperature Conversion Table 237
Appendix 3 Resistance Temperature Detector Ohm-Temperature Conversion Table 241
Appendix 4 Models and Main Specifications of Thermocouple and Resistance Temperature Detector 246
Main References 248