Regenerated Fiber and Waste Paper Deinking Technology

Author: Liu Bingyue Han Ying
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2005-04-01
Features: This book introduces domestic and international technologies and processes for waste paper recycling and reuse, based on the actual conditions of China. It particularly covers the causes and treatment methods of adhesives in the waste paper recycling process, as well as the development of biotechnology in waste paper recycling. The book also introduces three national standards of China that are about to be implemented regarding waste paper utilization and testing, and the revised "Discharge Limits of Water Pollutants from Waste Paper Pulping Enterprises" by the State Environmental Protection Administration in September 2003. The book is written in an accessible and easy-to-understand manner, combining theoretical analysis with practical applications. It is suitable for technicians, production operators, and managers engaged in waste paper recycling and reuse, as well as for reference by faculty and students of relevant colleges and universities.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Recycled Paper and Regenerated Fiber
1.2 The Value of Regenerated Fiber
1.3 The Use of Regenerated Fiber in the World
1.4 Regulations on the Use of Recycled Fiber in Developed Countries
1.5 The Utilization of Recycled Paper in China
1.6 Problems and Policies Regarding Waste Paper Recycling and Reuse in China
1.6.1 Problems in the Current Utilization of Waste Paper Resources in China
1.6.2 Policies Formulated by China to Expand Waste Paper Recycling and Reuse
1.7 Basic Procedures and Development Trends of Recycled Paper
1.7.1 Basic Procedures of Waste Paper Recycling
1.7.2 Issues to Note When Using Regenerated Fiber
1.7.3 Development Trends in Deinking Technology for Recycled Paper
References
27
Chapter 2 Sources, Collection, and Classification of Recycled Paper
2.1 Sources of Recycled Paper
2.2 Collection of Recycled Paper
2.2.1 Collection of Domestic Waste Paper
2.2.2 Collection of Foreign Waste Paper
2.3 Sorting, Packaging, Transportation, and Storage of Recycled Paper
2.3.1 Sorting of Recycled Paper
2.3.2 Packaging and Transportation of Recycled Paper
2.3.3 Example of Sorting Processes for Waste Paper Recycling
2.3.4 Storage of Recycled Paper
2.4 Classification of Recycled Paper
2.4.1 Classification of Foreign Recycled Waste Paper
2.4.2 Classification of Domestic Recycled Waste Paper
2.5 Grades, Hygienic Conditions, and Quality Control of Recycled Waste Paper
2.5.1 Grades of Recycled Waste Paper
2.5.2 Hygienic Conditions and Quality Monitoring of Imported Recycled Waste Paper
2.5.3 Quality Control of Recycled Waste Paper
References
64
Chapter 3 Processing Units of Regenerated Fiber
3.1 Pulping
3.1.1 Principle of Pulping by Hydraulic Pulper
3.1.2 Pulping Equipment
3.1.3 Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Hydraulic Pulpers
3.2 Defibration
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Defibration Equipment
3.3 Screening and Separation
3.3.1 Screening and Sieving
3.3.2 Principle and Influencing Factors of Screening
3.3.3 Screening Equipment
3.3.4 Screening Systems
3.3.5 Fienck-Seklor Screen
3.4 Purification
3.4.1 Principle of Purification
3.4.2 Purification Equipment and Influencing Factors
3.5 Flotation
3.5.1 Principle of Flotation
3.5.2 Typical Operating Conditions
3.5.3 Flotation Equipment
3.6 Washing
3.6.1 Principle of Washing
3.6.2 Washing Methods
3.6.3 Washing Equipment
3.7 Thickening and Dewatering
3.7.1 Purpose of Thickening and Dewatering
3.7.2 Principle of Thickening and Dewatering
3.7.3 Thickening Equipment
3.8 Mixing and Storage
3.8.1 Overview
3.8.2 Equipment
References
148
Chapter 4 Deinking Chemistry
4.1 Composition and Printing Characteristics of Ink
4.1.1 Composition of Ink
4.1.2 Characteristics of Paper and Printing Ink
4.2 Deinking Mechanism
4.2.1 Disintegration of Waste Paper and Separation of Ink
4.2.2 Deinking Mechanism by Washing
4.2.3 Deinking Mechanism by Flotation
4.3 Deinkers and Basic Components
4.3.1 Classification of Deinkers
4.3.2 Components and Functions of Deinkers
4.3.3 Surfactants
4.4 Deinking Technology
4.4.1 Basic Methods of Waste Paper Deinking
4.4.2 Development of Deinking Technology for Waste Paper
4.5 Factors Affecting Deinking
4.5.1 Effect of Deinking Methods
4.5.2 Effect of Deinkers
4.5.3 Effect of Deinking Temperature, Time, and Deinker Dosage
4.5.4 Effect of Printing Methods and Ink Composition
4.6 Evaluation of Deinking Efficiency
4.6.1 Methods for Evaluating Deinking Efficiency of Waste Paper
4.6.2 Analysis and Research on Methods for Determining Residual Ink in Waste Paper
References
213
Chapter 5 Biotechnology in the Recycling Process of Regenerated Fiber
5.1 Common Enzyme Preparations Used in the Recycling Process of Recycled Paper
5.2 Improvement of Regenerated Fiber Properties by Biotechnology
5.2.1 Enzyme Treatment to Improve the Water Permeability of Regenerated Fiber
5.2.2 Mechanism of Enzyme Treatment to Improve Water Permeability of Regenerated Fiber
5.2.3 Effect of Enzyme Treatment on Mechanical Strength of Pulp
5.2.4 Effect of Combination of Enzyme Treatment and Beating on Regenerated Fiber Properties
5.2.5 Effect of Enzyme Treatment on Wastewater Characteristics
5.3 Enzymatic Deinking of Printing Waste Paper
5.3.1 Mechanism of Enzymatic Deinking
5.3.2 Main Factors Affecting Enzymatic Deinking
5.3.3 Laboratory Experiments on Enzymatic Deinking
5.3.4 Industrial Application of Enzymatic Deinking
5.4 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Enzymatic Treatment of Waste Paper and Future Prospects
5.4.1 Analysis of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Enzymatic Deinking Process
5.4.2 Technical Prospects for Enzymatic Treatment of Waste Paper
References
260
Chapter 6 Bleaching of Waste Paper Pulp
6.1 Purpose of Bleaching of Waste Paper
6.1.1 Prerequisites for Bleaching of Waste Paper
6.1.2 Mechanism of Bleaching
6.1.3 Types of Bleaching for Waste Paper Pulp
6.2 Lignin-Removing Bleaching
6.2.1 Single-Stage Chlorine Bleaching (H)
6.2.2 Multi-Stage Chlorine Bleaching with Chlorine
6.2.3 Oxygen Bleaching (O)
6.2.4 Ozone Bleaching (Z)
6.3 Lignin-Preserving Bleaching
6.3.1 Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching (P)
6.3.2 Sodium Hydrosulfite Bleaching (Y)
6.3.3 Methylol Bisulfite Bleaching (F)
6.4 Selection of Bleaching Process Conditions
6.4.1 Bleaching Methods
6.4.2 Bleaching of Waste Paper Pulp from Different Categories of Recycling
6.4.3 Comparison of Various Bleaching Agents and Methods
References
301
Chapter 7 Adhesives in Regenerated Fiber and Their Treatment
7.1 Sources and Classification of Adhesives
7.1.1 What Are Adhesives?
7.1.2 Sources of Adhesives
7.1.3 Classification of Adhesives
7.2 Properties and Hazards of Adhesives
7.2.1 Properties of Adhesives
7.2.2 Flocculation and Deposition of Adhesives
7.2.3 Hazards of Adhesives
7.3 Analysis and Detection of Adhesives
7.3.1 Detection Methods for Large Adhesives
7.3.2 Detection Methods for Micro Adhesives
7.3.3 Detection Methods for Regenerated Adhesives
7.3.4 Separation and Chemical Composition Analysis of Adhesives
7.3.5 Determination of Adhesives in Waste Paper (Visual Method) National Standard
7.4 Control and Removal of Adhesives
7.4.1 Process Control Technology for Adhesives
7.4.2 Dispersion and Rubbing Technology
7.4.3 Chemical Treatment Technology for Adhesives
7.4.4 Other Treatment Methods for Adhesives
References
373
Chapter 8 Preparation and Papermaking of Regenerated Fiber Pulp
8.1 Primary Fiber and Secondary Fiber
8.1.1 Characteristics of Secondary Fiber from Recycled Paper
8.1.2 Changes in Fiber Morphology and Physical Properties
8.1.3 Fiber Hornification
8.1.4 Changes in Chemical Composition of Regenerated Fiber
8.2 Regenerated Fiber in Papermaking
8.2.1 Effect of Pressing on Regenerated Fiber
8.2.2 Effect of Drying on Regenerated Fiber
8.2.3 Effect of Calendering on Regenerated Fiber
8.2.4 Wet Tensile Strength of Regenerated Fiber in Papermaking
8.2.5 Improving the Quality of Regenerated Fiber in Papermaking
8.3 Effect of Pulping on Regenerated Fiber
8.3.1 Beating Characteristics and Effects of Waste Paper Regenerated Fiber
8.3.2 Effect of Medium Concentration Beating on Fiber
8.4 Effect of Regenerated Fiber on Wet End Chemistry of Paper Machine
8.4.1 Wet End Chemicals for Secondary Fiber
8.4.2 Development Trends of Wet End Chemicals for Secondary Fiber
8.5 Ratio of Regenerated Fiber
8.6 Papermaking Characteristics of Regenerated Fiber
8.6.1 Changes in Properties During the Recycling Process of Chemical Pulp
8.6.2 Changes in Properties During the Recycling Process of Mechanical Pulp
8.6.3 Effect of Regenerated Fiber on Physical Properties of Paper
8.6.4 Effect of Regenerated Fiber on Optical Properties of Paper
8.6.5 Effect of Fiber Reuse on Binding Properties of Paper
References
403
Chapter 9 Pollution Control of Regenerated Fiber
9.1 Pollutants and Treatment Requirements in the Recycling Process of Waste Paper
9.1.1 Sources of Pollutants in Waste Paper Recycling
9.1.2 Pollution Load and Composition of Wastewater
9.1.3 Composition and Properties of Solid Waste
9.1.4 Standards for Wastewater Treatment
9.2 Wastewater Treatment
9.2.1 Removal of Suspended Solids—Settling Treatment
9.2.2 Removal of Oxygen-Consuming Substances—Biological Treatment
9.2.3 Closed Loop of Wastewater
9.3 Treatment of Solid Waste
9.3.1 On-site Preprocessing of Waste Residue
9.3.2 Heat Recovery by Incineration of Waste Residue
9.3.3 Comprehensive Utilization of Solid Waste
9.3.4 Final Disposal of Solid Waste
9.3.5 New Developments in Solid Waste Treatment
References
453