How to treat hemolysis in newborns

Patient's question:

Several hours after birth, jaundice appears.

Doctor's answer:

Treatment for Newborns
The focus at birth is on preventing anemia and heart failure. For newborns with anemia, generalized edema, ascites, and heart failure, blood should be withdrawn from the umbilical vein (30–50 ml) followed by immediate transfusion of concentrated blood.
From birth to day 7, the focus is on preventing jaundice and bilirubin encephalopathy. Severe anemia should be monitored within the first 2 months.
For jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy and Chinese and Western medications can alleviate most cases. However, to quickly remove antibodies, reduce ongoing red blood cell destruction, lower bilirubin levels, correct anemia, improve hypoxia, and prevent heart failure, exchange transfusion is still required. While exchange transfusion is more effective than phototherapy or medication, it requires significant manpower and resources and carries risks such as thrombosis, air embolism, cardiac arrest, and infection. Therefore, the indications for exchange transfusion must be strictly controlled.