Patient's question:
Zhejiang Provincial People's HospitalDoctor's answer:
Hello, epididymitis is often caused by pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, or Streptococcus entering the epididymis through the vas deferens in a retrograde manner. Therefore, this condition is often secondary to posterior urethritis, prostatitis, or seminal vesiculitis, or it may occur after urethral instrumentation, leading to infection through a retrograde route. Acute cases primarily manifest as redness, swelling, and pain in the epididymis and testis.