What are the clinical symptoms of epididymitis?

Patient's question:

My boyfriend has recently been saying that he has a feeling of pain below. I searched online and it said it might be epididymitis. I want to consult specifically about the clinical symptoms of epididymitis.

Doctor's answer:

Epididymitis is often caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, or Streptococcus entering the epididymis through the vas deferens in a retrograde manner. Therefore, this condition is commonly secondary to posterior urethritis, prostatitis, or seminal vesiculitis, or it may occur after urethral instrumentation, leading to infection through a retrograde route. Acute cases primarily manifest as redness, swelling, and pain in the epididymis and testis. It is recommended that you seek medical treatment promptly. The methods for treating epididymitis include the use of antibiotics, pain-relieving medications, and surgical drainage. Wishing you a speedy recovery.

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