Empire, City, and Modernity

Author: Xu Jilin
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2006-01-01
Features: For us, Lenin is not a rigid, nostalgic name; on the contrary, as Kierkegaard would say, the Lenin we strive to revive is the forming Lenin, the Lenin thrown into a catastrophic new context. Returning to Lenin does not mean repeating Lenin, but rather discovering a Lenin in the sense of Kierkegaard, discovering that same pulse in today's context; returning to Lenin is not like a nostalgist returning to the "good old days of the revolution," nor is it an opportunistic-pragmatic adjustment of the old program under "new conditions," but rather, like Lenin re-formulating the revolutionary program under the conditions of imperialism and colonialism, to re-examine the current world conditions.
Slavoj ?i?ek: "Is the Rewritten for the 21st Century by Hardt and Negri?"
The concept of immaterial labor has two different aspects: one is the "information content" of commodities, which directly points to the changes in the labor process of workers in large companies in industry and the third sector, where the skills required for direct labor gradually become neuro-mechanical and computer-controlled skills. The other is the act of producing the "cultural content" of commodities. Immaterial labor includes a series of activities that are no longer "work" in the general sense, in other words, these activities include the activities of defining and determining cultural and artistic standards, fashion, taste, consumption indicators, and more strategic public opinion, among other information items. These activities were once the privilege of the bourgeoisie and its descendants, but since the late 1970s, they have shifted to the field we define as "mass intelligence."
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari: Immaterial Labor
Overall, the city is a totality that encompasses various functions, including the geographical nervous system, economic organizations, institutional processes, the theater of social activities, and artistic symbols. The city not only nurtures art; it is art itself. It not only creates theaters; it is a theater. It is precisely in the city that people perform various activities and gain attention, as individuals, events, and groups, through continuous struggle and cooperation, reach higher points of convergence.
For people, not only better technical groups are needed, but also sharp social understanding to bring out the various possibilities of urban life, to perform oneself under the right personal and urban structures—these are the missions of the next generation of cities.
—Lewis Mumford: What Is the City?

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