Health Care Knowledge for 200 Questions Before and After Abortion

Author: Yang Yuying
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2007-01-01
Features: What is miscarriage? Miscarriage refers to the termination of pregnancy in any way when the fetus has not yet developed to a viable stage. Currently, opinions both domestically and internationally are not yet consistent regarding how many weeks of pregnancy count as a miscarriage. In China, it is defined as a miscarriage when pregnancy is terminated before 28 weeks or when the fetal weight is less than 1000 grams. In countries like the United States, a miscarriage is defined as the termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks from the last normal menstrual period or when the fetal weight is less than 500 grams. Miscarriages can be divided into natural and induced miscarriages. A natural miscarriage refers to the spontaneous detachment and expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the mother's body due to some reason. An induced miscarriage refers to the termination of pregnancy before 28 weeks using artificial methods. Miscarriages occurring before 12 weeks of pregnancy are called early miscarriages, accounting for more than 80% of all miscarriages. Those occurring between 12 and 28 weeks of pregnancy are called late miscarriages. The exact incidence rate of miscarriage is difficult to determine. In statistics, some scholars believe it should only include preterm birth and full-term birth, while others consider all pregnancies, including preterm birth, full-term birth, induced miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and molar pregnancy. Therefore, it is hard to compare the data. Based on clinical observations, the incidence rate of consecutive natural miscarriages is 0.4% to 1.0%, while the incidence rate of consecutive two natural miscarriages is 5%. It is generally believed that the incidence rate of natural miscarriage is 10% to 18%. Recent studies show that the incidence rate of natural miscarriage is significantly higher than 15%. Some scholars used sensitive radioimmunoassay to detect β-hCG in the second half of the menstrual cycle in married women and found that about 30% to 40% of fertilized eggs undergo miscarriage before implantation, which is called concealed miscarriage. These patients only show slightly delayed menstruation, slightly increased menstrual flow, or normal flow. Currently, a more consistent view is that the incidence rate of natural miscarriage is 50% to 60%. Therefore, the actual incidence rate of repeated miscarriage is also much higher than the above figures. Miscarriage is the most common gynecological surgery or condition in women of childbearing age. Delayed medical attention or improper treatment can lead to serious complications such as hemorrhagic shock, adnexitis, secondary infertility, and endometriosis. It requires high attention from women of childbearing age and gynecological medical professionals, and timely and proper treatment should be provided.
Natural Miscarriage
The clinical types of natural miscarriage are actually different stages of its development. Most miscarriages follow a certain developmental process, although some stages may not be clearly apparent in clinical manifestations and may not progress in order. However, they generally fall into the following stages: threatened miscarriage, inevitable miscarriage, incomplete miscarriage, and complete miscarriage. Additionally, there are several special cases of miscarriage, but they still include the above clinical types in the process.
What is a threatened miscarriage?
A threatened miscarriage refers to the presence of miscarriage symptoms, but the pregnancy may continue to term with proper treatment. It commonly occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, accompanied by early pregnancy symptoms, slight vaginal bleeding (less than the amount of a normal menstrual period), and mild intermittent uterine contractions. Gynecological examination shows that the cervical os is not dilated, the amniotic sac is intact, the uterus size is consistent with the gestational age, and the pregnancy test is positive. It is often seen in conditions such as luteal phase deficiency and increased uterine sensitivity. If the vaginal bleeding increases or lower abdominal pain worsens, it may develop into an inevitable miscarriage. The uterus is more sensitive in the first three months of pregnancy, and sometimes it may appear