New Historicism (Issue 4)

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Features: After World War II, Western historiography underwent two major changes. The first was the "New History" (also known as "Social History"), which emerged in the mid-1950s and challenged the traditional historiography represented by Ranke. Social history gradually replaced political history, becoming the mainstream of historical research. The main historiographical schools during this period included the French Annales School, the British Marxist Historiographical School (also known as the "New Social History School"), and the American School of Social Science History (also known as the "Cliometricians"). Among these, the Annales School had the greatest influence. By the late 1970s, the "New Cultural History" (also known as "Social Cultural History"), which originated in France, replaced the "New History" as the new favorite in Western historiography. To distinguish it from cultural history represented by figures such as Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) and Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), the outstanding American female historian Lynn Hunt (1945–) first coined the term "New Cultural History" in her book The New Cultural History in 1989. It is particularly noteworthy that after the rise of the "New History" (political history – social history – new cultural history) as the mainstream, traditional historiography did not die out but continued to exist and develop, competing with the New History, though its (great momentum had passed).