What is the reason for the daily pain and swelling in the testicles?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: Severe testicular pain
Duration and persistence of the current episode: 7, 8 years
Current general condition: Pain every day
Previous diagnosis and treatment history and effectiveness: Undergone varicocele surgery

Doctor's answer:

Hello, testicular swelling and discomfort are commonly seen in orchitis and injury. Orchitis, besides hematogenous infection, is more commonly caused by bacteria retrograding from the urethra to the epididymis and testis, leading to epididymitis and orchitis. Clinically, this presents as swelling and pain in the epididymis and testis. In some cases, it occurs after sexual activity, which may be due to sexual arousal causing high congestion in the genital organs and genital glands. Some pain may originate from varicocele or referred pain from other parts, such as testicular radiation pain caused by ureteral stones. In such cases, it is important to carefully identify the true cause for effective symptomatic treatment.