What is the situation when urine is very yellow and foamy?

Patient's question:

Detailed medical condition and consultation purpose: Is there something wrong with my body?
Medical history: I have had kidney stones.
Recently, I don’t know how, but my lower back feels a bit painful, like in the kidney area. Also, my urine has been very yellow, and when I go to the toilet, many bubbles float on top. Another thing is that I often pass gas. What could be causing this? Also, sometimes there are black things in my underwear, in pieces. I don’t know what they are.

Doctor's answer:

Normally expelled fresh urine is light yellow, which is because the urine contains a yellow urinary pigment. However, the color of urine can also vary depending on how much water is consumed, making the urine either darker or lighter. When you drink more water, produce more urine, and the proportion of urinary pigment in the urine is smaller, the color becomes lighter. When you drink less water, the proportion of urinary pigment in the urine is larger, and the color appears yellow. If the urine is left for some time, its color may also become darker, because some of the urinary pigment in the urine has not yet been oxidized into urinary pigment. The waste produced by the human body every day and the urinary pigment excreted are generally quite constant, so the color of urine does not change much. If the urine is yellow for a long time, it is important to pay attention to whether there are any lesions in the liver or pancreas.

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