Wondering what tests are needed for male infertility

Patient's question:

I currently have male infertility. What tests should I undergo, and which tests can confirm the diagnosis?

Doctor's answer:

1. "Sperm Morphology" Analysis
  If sperm is found in the semen of infertile patients, it can be subjected to morphological analysis. By examining the quantity and morphology of the patient's sperm, it can be determined whether the sperm is normal. Furthermore, based on the morphological characteristics of defective sperm, the cause of infertility can be localized, identifying whether the defective sperm is due to varicocele, nicotine effects, microbial infection, chemical pollution damage, physical injury, or other factors. This provides a laboratory basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
  2. "Spermatogenesis Cellology" Analysis
  If no sperm is found in the patient's semen, the question arises: Is it due to obstruction, congenital absence of, or testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction leading to "aspermia"? Traditional "testicular biopsy" can only answer this question, while "spermatogenesis cellology analysis" excels in additional capabilities: it can perform "quantity·proportion·morphology" analysis on "spermatogenesis cells" (sperm is derived from spermatogenesis cells), identify harmful factors causing testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction (such as testicular inflammation, testicular infection, varicocele, sexual dysfunction, etc.), and thus provide the most accurate basis for clinical treatment currently available.

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