Dialogue's (Research on Bakhtin's Philosophy of Language)

Author: Shen Huazhu
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-08-01
Features: Bakhtin's linguistic thought is the pillar of his philosophical thought. Shen Huazhu revolves around this central idea, providing a systematic and comprehensive analysis of Bakhtin's philosophical thought. Grasping the issue of Bakhtin's linguistic philosophy is like discovering the source of his thoughts in the gushing streams amidst towering mountains. Starting with the analysis of the philosophical foundation of Bakhtin's linguistics is in line with Bakhtin's own intentions. Bakhtin believed: "Poetics without a systematic philosophical aesthetics as its foundation becomes fundamentally a fragile and accidental thing. Poetics developed from a systematic perspective should be the aesthetics of linguistic creation." Bakhtin's thought was deeply influenced by his philosophical views. In philosophy, he regarded human culture as a whole, and only by systematically defining linguistic behavior within the overall cultural context can linguistic science be grounded. Bakhtin's philosophical concept of emphasizing overall participation originates from Neo-Kantian philosophy. Bakhtin read Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason" and other original German-language philosophical works in his youth, while the works of Cohen, the representative of the Marburg school of Neo-Kantianism, were particularly cherished by Bakhtin and had a profound influence on him. This school emphasizes the relationship between the material world and human beings, highlighting the philosophical ideas of human practical reason and participatory thinking, which served as a catalyst for Bakhtin's emphasis on linguistic practice in his linguistic philosophy. This book reveals this source, explaining why Bakhtin believed language (rather than pure abstract logic) is more suitable for expressing concrete realities, and why he concluded that "language has historically developed in the service of participatory thinking and behavior." This is the manifestation of Neo-Kantian philosophy in Bakhtin's linguistic thought. Another source of Bakhtin's linguistic philosophy is Marxist philosophy. The language concepts of Marx and Engels, such as "language is practical and real consciousness," "the emergence of language is solely due to the need for communication with others," and "language is a tool for communication," often appear in Bakhtin's works, becoming an important arsenal of his linguistic thought. Bakhtin emphasizes the inseparability of language from society itself, highlighting the social and ideological nature of language, its historical and practical aspects—all of these fundamental linguistic ideas are based on Marxist philosophy. Especially the historical materialism of Marxism serves as the theoretical pillar and main critical weapon of Bakhtin's linguistic thought. After a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical foundation of Bakhtin's linguistics, Shen Huazhu argues that Bakhtin developed the Neo-Kantian ideas on epistemology and human subjectivity, affirming the existence of human beings at the level of ethical philosophy and philosophical anthropology. The existence of human beings implies that "I and others" are in a certain relationship, which further forms human interaction. This interaction must be realized through the expression of speech. Therefore, humans are inherently formed into a dialogical relationship, which is revealed through linguistic interaction. This is the "dialogism" philosophy that Bakhtin ultimately established, also known as his "meta-linguistic" linguistic philosophy.