How to identify newborn pneumonia?

Patient's question:

The baby has been spitting bubbles and having loose stools since yesterday. It seems like their breathing is also louder when sleeping. Is it possible that they have neonatal pneumonia?

Doctor's answer:

The clinical manifestations of neonatal pneumonia are different from those of older children and adults, and there are several methods to judge it. First is the respiratory rate. The normal respiratory rate of newborns is between 35 and 45, and a high frequency indicates an abnormal condition. Next is the depression of the chest wall, known as the "three sign," where the chest movement is very large, and the intercostal spaces and suprasternal notches may show depressions. Newborns may also spit fine white foam, which could be caused by pneumonia.

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