What tests should be done after experiencing male infertility?

Patient's question:

I got married to my wife four years ago. At that time, due to poor conditions, we didn't have children. Later, we wanted to have children, but after two years of trying, my wife still couldn't get pregnant. After thorough examinations at the hospital, the doctor said I had male infertility, and further tests were needed to determine the cause.

Doctor's answer:

Male infertility is mostly caused by poor semen quality, so a semen analysis is a necessary and thorough examination for every patient. For issues found in the semen analysis, some require further investigation into their cause. For example, if there are no sperm in the semen, blood hormone tests or a testicular biopsy may be needed to understand the state of testicular spermatogenesis. For those suspected of having blocked vas deferens, a vasography is required to determine if there is a blockage, its severity, and location. For patients with abnormal sexual development or recurrent miscarriages, a karyotype test is necessary. Infertility can be alleviated, but treatment usually takes a long time and is prone to relapse after treatment. Therefore, it is essential to actively cooperate with the doctor's medication plan during treatment. Additionally, patients should avoid prolonged sitting or riding and pay more attention to personal hygiene. We hope male patients can

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