What are the causes of epididymal malformation?

Patient's question:

I've been married to my wife for seven years, but we've never been able to get pregnant. After a thorough examination at the hospital, we found out it was my fault. The doctor said my wife couldn't get pregnant because of my epididymal malformation. What causes epididymal malformation?

Doctor's answer:

Epididymal malformations are categorized into two types: congenital and acquired. The main causes of epididymal malformations are various viral infections, such as non-specific, viral, and parasitic infections. Of course, they are also associated with other factors, such as endocrine abnormalities, hereditary transmission across generations, mumps during childhood leading to viral orchitis, trauma, or surgical trauma. Epididymal conditions tend to recur, requiring long-term medication.

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