What are the causes of orchitis?

Patient's question:

I have been having frequent fever recently. This morning, I noticed some pain in my testicles, pain during urination, sometimes feeling a strong urge to urinate, and always having the sensation of something pulling downwards. After a thorough examination at the hospital, I was told that I have orchitis. What are the causes of orchitis?

Doctor's answer:

The causative pathogens of orchitis are mostly Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In fact, the most common cause of purulent inflammation is the spread of infection from epididymitis. The symptoms include recurrent testicular pain that radiates to the groin, a noticeable sensation of heaviness, accompanied by high fever, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and significant testicular swelling and tenderness. The scrotal skin may also become red and swollen. Orchitis is usually caused by bacterial infection or trauma. Additionally, newly developed epididymitis is also a major cause.

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