What are the causes of male infertility?

Patient's question:

Preparing to get pregnant for a year without success, my wife is fine, but my sperm vitality is very poor. What are the causes of male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

The causes of male infertility include:
1. Abnormal testicles or damage: Undescended testicles can lead to infertility, and injuries to the testicles at birth or postnatally can also cause male infertility.
2. Sexual dysfunction: Premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation can all lead to male infertility.
3. Abnormalities in semen itself, such as oligospermia and azoospermia caused by thyroid and adrenal gland dysfunction, can lead to infertility. Weak sperm motility, abnormal morphology, and other issues.

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