How should male infertility be treated effectively?

Patient's question:

The infertility discovered, my wife has always been by my side through the treatment without leaving. However, there has been no improvement together. I feel truly guilty inside. I plan not to burden my wife even if the treatment doesn't work, but I really can't let go. Please ask: How should male infertility be treated for the best?

Doctor's answer:

The causes of male infertility include:
1. Testicular abnormalities or damage: Undescended testicles can lead to infertility, and injuries to the testicles at birth or postnatally can also cause male infertility.
2. Sexual dysfunction: Premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation can all result in male infertility.
3. Abnormalities in semen itself, such as oligospermia and azoospermia caused by thyroid and adrenal gland dysfunction, can lead to infertility. Weak sperm motility and abnormal morphology are also factors.
4. Obstruction of the vas deferens: Diseases such as tuberculosis of the vas deferens can cause blockages, obstructing sperm passage.
5. Immunological male infertility: Exposure of sperm to the immune system can lead to the production of antibodies that attack the body's own sperm.

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