Modern application writing

Author: Bi Geng, Editor-in-Chief
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2003-01-01
Features: II. Decisions (I) The Meaning and Types of Decisions A decision is a document that makes arrangements for important matters or major actions, rewards or punishes relevant units and personnel, and changes or revokes inappropriate decisions of lower-level organs. The characteristics of a decision are decision-making, commanding, and relative stability. According to its scope of application, decisions can be divided into the following categories: 1. Regulatory Decisions. Used to promulgate, revise, or trial legal documents formulated, revised, or implemented by legislative organs, as well as administrative regulations formulated by government departments, such as "The Decision of the State Council on Amending Article 21 of the Provisional Regulations on the Contract Management System of State-Owned Industrial Enterprises." 2. Commanding Decisions. Used to make decisive commands on major issues, matters, or actions, such as "The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economy System." 3. Notifying Decisions. Used to notify major matters and convey specific information, such as "The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Teachers' Day." 4. Reward and Punishment Decisions. Used to commend or punish relevant personnel, such as "The Decision of the State Council on Granting the Titles of National Labor Model to Zhao Chun'e, Luo Jifu, and Jiang Zuoying." 5. Modification Decisions. Used to modify or revoke inappropriate decisions of lower-level organs. (II) The Structure and Writing Style of Decisions A decision generally consists of several parts: title, recipient, body, signature, and date. 1. Title. The title of a decision is usually composed of the issuing organ, the subject matter, and the document type. If the decision is adopted by a meeting, the name of the meeting and the date of adoption must be noted in parentheses at the center below the title. 2. Recipient. The recipient of a decision is the unit or group that should be notified. 3. Body. The body of a decision generally consists of the reasons for the decision and the decision. The reasons for the decision are also the basis for the decision, including both factual and theoretical grounds, as well as legal grounds, etc. They are the prerequisite for making the decision. The items of the decision include specific implementation principles, methods, and steps. At the end of the decision, it is usually proposed to call for and express hopes, but sometimes it can be omitted. 4. Signature. The name of the issuing organ is stated at the lower right of the body. If the title includes the name of the issuing organ, the signature can be omitted. 5. Date. For decisions adopted by a meeting, the date must be enclosed in parentheses and placed below the title. For decisions made by leading organs, the date is generally placed after the signature. (III) Writing Requirements for Decisions A decision is a document with strong decision-making and commanding properties, and the content it involves are all "important matters" or "major actions." Therefore, in writing, the following two points should be noted: 1. The reasons for the decision should be clear and sufficient. To correctly implement the work arranged in the decision and achieve the requirements proposed in the decision, it is necessary to take the spirit of carefully understanding the decision as a prerequisite. Therefore, the reasons for the decision must explain the importance and necessity of making this decision through presenting facts, reasoning, and even citing classics. Especially for major commanding decisions, the reasons should be written specifically and profoundly. 2. The items of the decision should be detailed and specific. The items of the decision are the main content and core part of the decision. Therefore, in writing, efforts should be made to make them clear, specific, detailed, and actionable, facilitating the implementation by the recipient organ. III. Replies (I) The Meaning and Types of Replies A reply is a document used by higher-level organs to answer the requests and suggestions of lower-level organs. Replies are downward documents with the characteristics of passivity in writing, targeting in reply, and authority in utility. The prerequisite for using a reply is that there must be a request from a lower-level organ followed by a reply from a higher-level organ; otherwise, there can be no reply issued. The types of replies are usually divided into specific replies and general replies. Specific replies are only sent to the requesting organ because of their strong targeting, so such replies are used very frequently. General replies are not only sent to the requesting organ but also to other relevant lower-level organs. Since the content of such replies is universal, other organs need to be notified and to implement them. The original text of the request should be attached to the back of the reply when issuing it. (II) The Structure and Writing Style of Replies A reply generally consists of several parts: title, recipient, body, signature, and date. 1. Title. The title of a reply is usually composed of the issuing organ, the subject matter, and the document type. 2. Recipient. The recipient is the name of the lower-level organ that submitted the request or the name of the other organ that needs to be notified. 3. Body. The body of a reply generally consists of the subject matter and the reply. The subject matter is the reason and basis for the reply. The opening usually adopts a quoted form, citing the title and document number of the incoming document to identify the object and basis of the reply, and then responding to the content of the request item by item. The common expression form is: "The request (××××) (××[19××]××) has been received. After research, the reply is as follows:" It is concluded with closing phrases such as "This reply," "This is to reply," or "This is specially to reply," but sometimes it can be omitted. 4. Signature. The name of the replying organ is written at the lower right of the body. 5. Date. The date of completion is indicated below the signature. (III) Writing Requirements for Replies The key to writing a reply is to pay attention to responding to issues specifically, with a clear attitude and specific opinions. Whether affirming or denying, it should be direct and avoid ambiguity. It should focus on the request item by item, with reasons and evidence, avoiding generalizations or additional instructions. The language should be concise and accurate. Additionally, attention should be paid to clarity of the target and timeliness of the reply. Example 1: The Reply of the CPC Central Committee to the "Report on Further Promoting the Study and Publicity of Zhang Haidi" of the Communist Youth League Central Committee and the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee: The CPC Central Committee agrees with your "Report on Further Promoting the Study and Publicity of Zhang Haidi." Zhang Haidi is an outstanding representative of the new generation who grew up nurtured by the Party and the people. From Zhang Haidi, we can see the spirit of Chinese youth who are loyal to the motherland, love the people, are full of vigor, and strive to move forward. From the path Zhang Haidi has walked, it has universal educational significance for all those willing to be loyal patriots and communists. The CPC Central Committee sincerely hopes that the people of the country, especially the youth, will study Zhang Haidi deeply. Focus on the fundamental issue of establishing a communist outlook on life, learn from her unwavering and optimistic attitude toward life, learn from her strong will to seek knowledge and self-discipline, and learn from her spirit of fulfilling social responsibilities and serving the people. Strive to apply this spirit to work, study, and life, strive with perseverance, and forge ahead with determination, making contributions to the motherland and the people. CPC Central Committee×××××× Example 2: The Reply to the "Provisional Measures for the Management of Chinese Citizens' Self-Financed Overseas Tourism" of the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of Public Security: The State Council agrees in principle with the "Provisional Measures for the Management of Chinese Citizens' Self-Financed Overseas Tourism" and entrusts you to issue and implement it. Attached: Provisional Measures for the Management of Chinese Citizens' Self-Financed Overseas Tourism State Council××××××× IV. Opinions (I) The Meaning and Types of Opinions