What factors or causes lead to male infertility?

Patient's question:

My friend said that he has been married for several years without having children. Recently, he and his wife went to the hospital for a check-up. The results showed that his wife was normal, but he had male infertility. I would like to ask what factors or causes lead to male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Hello: If a male's testes are abnormal, their function is to produce sperm and secrete male hormones, which can stimulate spermatogenesis and the development of male accessory organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, whether it is congenital developmental disorders or a variety of factors after birth that cause testicular lesions and result in testicular abnormalities, can all lead to infertility. Testicular abnormality infertility typically includes five conditions: male pseudohermaphroditism, congenital hypoplastic testes syndrome, cryptorchidism, anorchidism, and orchitis.

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