Patient's question:
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Doctor's answer:
Due to the effects of mental stress, medication, and certain diseases, the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus loses its cyclical pattern, leading to an imbalance in the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland. This results in the development of follicles that are immature and fail to ovulate, forming cystic follicles. Over time, numerous cystic follicles accumulate, eventually forming a grape-like polycystic ovary.The clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are characterized by four major features:
Clinical Manifestation 1: Chronic Anovulation
This is characterized by irregular cycles, infrequent ovulation, reduced menstrual flow, or even amenorrhea. Some patients may experience delayed periods, with very heavy menstrual flow and prolonged cycles.
Clinical Manifestation 2: Infertility
The causes of infertility may include hormonal imbalances or incomplete ovarian function leading to anovulation. Alternatively, poor egg quality or insufficient progesterone may result in poor endometrial growth, making it unfavorable for fertilized eggs to implant and develop.
Clinical Manifestation 3: Hirsutism
Excess androgens in the body cause hirsutism, leading to a masculine distribution of hair, such as facial hair, chest hair, hair from the navel to the pubic area, and increased hair on the anus and limbs. Pubic hair becomes coarse, dense, and dark. Due to racial differences, Asian women may exhibit less pronounced hirsutism compared to European or American patients. Acne and hair loss may also accompany this condition.
Clinical Manifestation 4: Obesity
Approximately 25% of patients with PCOS experience obesity. The relationship between obesity and PCOS is complex and may be related to reduced insulin sensitivity. Even after androgen levels return to normal, obesity persists.
The etiology of PCOS is not yet fully understood, but it is currently believed to be associated with endocrine dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary imbalance, and the formation of cystic ovaries that resemble grapes. This condition is medically termed polycystic ovary syndrome.
The clinical manifestations of PCOS can be quite pronounced in some cases, while others may remain asymptomatic, with infertility being the first sign detected during examination. In this regard, experts from Beijing Huabo Hospital remind women to prioritize annual gynecological check-ups and seek timely treatment upon discovering any symptoms.