Patient's question:
I have been married to my husband for 5 years, and we haven't had any children yet. Although my husband says he's not in a hurry, I don't want to be an older mother. What should I do?Doctor's answer:
The causes or factors of female infertility are numerous. Additionally, infertility after marriage should be jointly examined by both partners. Generally, infertility examinations are divided into male and female categories.Male Infertility Examination Items:
1. Prostate Fluid Examination: Prostatitis can lead to male infertility. Prostate fluid examination provides evidence for the diagnosis of prostatitis.
2. Routine Semen Analysis: This is the most basic and important clinical indicator for assessing male fertility. Relevant parameters of semen are the first information physicians need to understand. For male infertility patients, note the following:
- Abstain from intercourse for 3-5 days before the examination.
- Preferably collect the sample through masturbation.
- Ensure all semen is obtained.
- Re-examine 1-2 times within 2 weeks.
3. Endocrine Tests Related to Male Infertility: Reproductive endocrine dysfunction affects male sexual and reproductive functions, making it a significant factor or cause of male infertility. Endocrine tests primarily involve measuring sex hormones (T, FSH, LH, PRL, E2) and various stimulation tests, such as HCG stimulation tests.
4. Semen Biochemical Examination: Analyzing the chemical composition of semen helps assess the function of the epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles.
5. Genetic Tests Related to Male Infertility: The normality of male-related chromosomes and genes is the foundation for maintaining normal reproductive function. Abnormal chromosomes and genes can lead to abnormal sexual differentiation and/or impaired sperm production, severely affecting reproductive function and potentially causing male infertility.
6. Microbiological Tests Related to Male Infertility: Infections of the male urinary and reproductive systems often cause male infertility. Pathogens associated with these infections include bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc. Common pathogens include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus, adenovirus, and Chlamydia trachomatis.
Female Infertility Examination Items:
1. Routine Gynecological Examination: To assess for gynecological infections, abnormalities in the development of internal and external genital organs, inflammation, or masses.
2. Ovarian Function Testing: To determine if ovulation occurs and the status of corpus luteum function.
3. Tubal Patency Test: If no abnormalities are found in the male partner and the female ovulates, this test can be performed.
4. Post-Coital Test: If no abnormalities are detected in the above tests, this test can be conducted to evaluate sperm penetration into cervical mucus, as well as the condition of cervical mucus, semen quality, and the success of intercourse.
5. Cervical Mucus-Semen Compatibility Test: Observing sperm penetration ability under a microscope. If sperm can penetrate the mucus and continue moving forward, it indicates normal sperm motility and cervical mucus quality, with no anti-sperm antibodies in the mucus.
6. Hysteroscopy: Helps identify conditions such as uterine adhesions, submucosal fibroids, polyps, or uterine malformations, making it valuable for infertility diagnosis.
7. Laparoscopy: If all previous tests are normal, laparoscopy can be performed to directly observe the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries for any abnormalities or adhesions. Approximately 20% of patients may discover previously undiagnosed conditions through laparoscopy.
Chongqing Shifu Hospital, affiliated with the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, is a specialized hospital for infertility in Chongqing. Leveraging the medical expertise of Chongqing Medical University, it has become the first specialized infertility hospital in Chongqing.
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