Patient's question:
I would like to ask the doctor,Doctor's answer:
Yes, Bartholin's gland cyst is one of the common vulvar inflammatory conditions in women. Due to its slow onset and atypical symptoms, it is often overlooked by women. Bartholin's gland cyst is also known as a vestibular gland cyst. The vestibular glands are located at the posterior of the labia majora and open on the inner side of the labia minora near the hymen. When the secretion of the vestibular glands is obstructed and accumulates in the ducts, it causes cystic expansion of the glands, leading to the formation of Bartholin's gland cyst. Common factors include:⑴ The presence of chronic inflammation can block the Bartholin's gland ducts, causing impaired secretion drainage, leading to cystic expansion of the glands and the formation of cysts.
⑵ After acute Bartholin's gland inflammation subsides, if the ducts remain blocked and secretion cannot be expelled, the pus is absorbed, and the liquid gradually becomes clear, forming a Bartholin's gland cyst.
⑶ During childbirth, if the vagina or the lateral episiotomy is lacerated, scars may form, or incorrect episiotomy may damage the Bartholin's gland ducts, causing duct closure and retention of secretion, which can also lead to Bartholin's gland cyst.
⑷ Congenital narrowing of the Bartholin's gland ducts or viscous secretion, resulting in impaired secretion drainage, can similarly cause cyst formation.
After the formation of a Bartholin's gland cyst, it can persist for a long time with slow progression, and patients generally experience no discomfort, only noticing swelling on one side of the labia compared to the other. Gynecological examination reveals: swelling in the lower one-third of the affected labia majora with a cystic feel, no significant tenderness, and the vaginal opening being pushed to the healthy side.
Since Bartholin's gland cysts can persist for years without changing, if they do not interfere with daily life, regular observation may be sufficient without treatment. If the cyst gradually enlarges or recurs with frequent infections and abscess formation, a Bartholin's gland cystostomy can be performed. This preserves glandular function while ensuring proper drainage and preventing recurrence. After treatment, the external genital area should be kept clean and hygienic, avoid wearing synthetic underwear, and change underwear frequently to prevent contamination from vaginal secretions, urine, and feces.