What are the early signs of pregnancy in women?

Patient's question:

I've been feeling like I haven't woken up for days lately, completely lacking energy all day. My breasts are a bit tender, my stomach feels sour, and my period hasn't come for several days. When I went to the hospital for a check-up, the doctor said it might be the early signs of pregnancy and suggested waiting a few more days to see.
What kind of help do I need: What are the early signs of pregnancy in women?

Doctor's answer:

Symptom Analysis: In the early stages of pregnancy, common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lower back pain, and fatigue. These symptoms usually subside within one month of pregnancy, although some may persist until the 4th or 5th month.
Other Symptoms: Menstruation stops, breast tenderness, fullness, and itching. Additionally, changes may include darkening of the areola, prominent subcutaneous veins in the breasts, and a noticeable protrusion of the nipples.
Skin Changes: The skin may change, potentially leading to hyperpigmentation or the development of stretch marks on the abdomen, especially in the later stages of pregnancy.
Fatigue: Fatigue is common in the early stages of pregnancy, often accompanied by a strong desire to sleep.
Frequent Urination: During the third month of pregnancy, the bladder may become smaller due to pressure from the increasingly enlarged uterus, leading to frequent urination.
Advice and Recommendations: The most obvious symptom of early pregnancy is nausea and vomiting. This is a normal physiological phenomenon and should not cause undue anxiety, as it usually has little impact on health and does not require treatment. Maintaining a positive mood, emotional stability, and adequate rest are sufficient. For most women, these symptoms will naturally subside after the 12th week of pregnancy. However, if vomiting is particularly severe and the woman cannot keep any food down, oral vitamin B6 can be taken. If metabolic disorders occur, medical treatment in a hospital may be necessary, and in some cases, hospitalization with intravenous fluids may be required.