Avian Infectious Disease Experimental Diagnosis Technology

Author: Ma Xingshu (Editor)
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2006-02-01
Features: This book takes avian disease laboratory diagnosis techniques as its core and theme, providing readers with a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the laboratory diagnosis methods and techniques for various common and major avian diseases (such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, etc.) currently. The book is divided into three parts. The first part details common laboratory diagnosis techniques for avian infectious diseases, such as the preparation and application of culture media, drug sensitivity tests, serological tests, etc. The second part comprehensively and deeply introduces pathological diagnosis techniques for avian diseases, such as post-mortem examination techniques, the preparation of gross pathological specimens, the preparation of pathological tissue sections, and the post-mortem examination diagnostic methods for common avian diseases. The third part systematically and thoroughly elaborates on the sample collection, transportation, and preservation for 17 bacterial infectious diseases, the morphological microscopic examination, isolation and culture, biochemical tests, serological diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria; the sample collection and preservation, isolation and culture, morphological structure, physicochemical properties, serological diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of 22 viral infectious diseases; and the sample collection and preservation, morphological microscopic examination, isolation and culture, biochemical characteristics, serological diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of 4 other microbial infectious diseases. The book is rich in content, widely sourced, illustrated, easy to understand, and particularly includes many contents derived from the author's long-term experience accumulated and summarized in scientific research, teaching, and clinical diagnosis practices, making it highly operational and practical. Therefore, this book is suitable as a technical guide for veterinary diagnostic institutions, grassroots veterinary technicians, and veterinary laboratory personnel, as well as a reference for veterinary undergraduate students. [Preface] Preface The essence of knowledge lies not only in acquisition but also in application and innovation. The premise for effective prevention and control of avian infectious diseases is scientific and accurate diagnosis and the comprehensive application of various laboratory diagnostic techniques. While the definitive diagnosis of avian infectious diseases can be achieved through methods such as medical history inquiries (epidemiological surveys), clinical examinations (symptom observation and post-mortem examination), the most reliable diagnosis is obtained by sending samples to the laboratory to identify the pathogen. Laboratory testing can be used for: ① Detecting pathogens or toxins associated with disease occurrence; ② Detecting antibodies and titers produced by the flock against the pathogen; ③ Evaluating the serological response of the flock to vaccination; ④ Verifying the progress and effectiveness of disease control and eradication programs; ⑤ Studying the pathogenesis of the disease. Since avian flocks are typically raised in dense, large groups, the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases are even more important compared to other domestic animals. The selection of tests for specific infectious diseases depends not only on the quality, type of samples sent, and laboratory conditions but also on factors such as test costs, speed, and the competence of the operator. Some tests (e.g., bacterial or viral isolation) yield only positive or negative results, while others (e.g., serological tests) produce quantitative results, often varying between flocks or individuals. Collaboration among microbiologists, pathologists, clinical veterinarians, and even government officials is of great significance in improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Making full use of relatively limited conventional equipment for avian infectious disease diagnosis and providing correct interpretation of test results does not merely involve purchasing equipment but also emphasizes the development of diagnostic reagents and the establishment of technically skilled teams with comprehensive judgment capabilities. Therefore, we have compiled the book "Laboratory Diagnosis Techniques for Avian Infectious Diseases." The book is divided into three parts and sixteen chapters. The first part covers avian disease laboratory diagnosis techniques, including chapters to 9, such as basic laboratory techniques, the preparation and application of culture media, the isolation and identification of bacteria, the determination of bacterial DNA GC content, drug sensitivity tests, the isolation and identification of viruses, viral killing tests, serological tests, and the isolation of immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibody technology. The second part covers avian disease pathological diagnosis techniques, including chapters 10 to 13, such as post-mortem examination techniques, the preparation of gross pathological specimens, the preparation of pathological tissue sections, and the post-mortem examination diagnostic methods for common avian diseases. The third part covers the laboratory diagnosis of common avian infectious diseases, including chapters 14 to 16, such as the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diseases, viral diseases, and other microbial diseases. The purpose of compiling this book is to elaborate on the basic laboratory operation techniques for diagnosing avian diseases, meeting the needs of avian disease workers, university and college teachers and students, as well as veterinarians in veterinary stations, animal quarantine stations, animal and plant quarantine stations at ports, zoos, and experimental animal farms nationwide for avian disease laboratory diagnosis techniques. The book provides detailed descriptions of common veterinary drugs, instruments, basic operation techniques, test principles, and steps, with particularly insightful interpretations of the applicable scope of tests, result judgment, alternative operational procedures, and common mistakes. This book is a summary of our experience in teaching, scientific research, and production practice in veterinary microbiology, immunology, and avian infectious diseases over more than 20 years. From the collection and organization of materials to drafting the outline and final printing, the manuscript has been revised multiple times. However, there was often the feeling of "what I do this year, I will regret next year," nearly leading to stagnation. Fortunately, during this period, I received help and strong support from colleagues such as Dr. Song QinYe at Hebei University of Engineering, Associate Professor Hu Xiuzhi, Senior Experimentalist Mi Qingrong, and Dr. Xin Shengpeng at the Quality Standards and Processing Department of the National Veterinary and Animal Health Administration. Professor Yan Zhimin at Auburn University in the United States often called to inquire about this matter, offering encouragement that boosted my confidence. After more than ten years of solitude, I finally completed this humble work. If it can benefit colleagues engaged in avian infectious disease laboratory diagnosis in China, the author will feel truly gratified! At this time, I sincerely thank my colleagues and friends who have contributed hard work to this book! Although the author has repeatedly checked and proofread the book, due to its broad scope and the author's limitations, some omissions or errors are inevitable. I sincerely request the readers to point them out. In the end, I am deeply grateful to Mr. Guo Yupu, a renowned avian disease expert, Honorary Chairman of the Avian Disease Branch of the Chinese Society of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at China Agricultural University, for writing the preface for this book. I sincerely thank him for his dedication! Ma Xingshu (Signature) January 2006