What is the reason for no menstruation after having sexual life with an IUD in place?

Patient's question:

I had my period on the 25th of last month, had sexual intercourse on the 30th without using any protection. On November 4th, I had an IUD (Atraumatic Copper IUD) inserted. However, my period hasn't come yet, and I'm very worried. Could I be pregnant? If I am, what kind of abortion procedure would be both less painful and safe, considering I had surgery three months ago?

Doctor's answer:

Hello, having intercourse during the ovulation period has a high chance of pregnancy. If you choose to have an abortion, you should choose a method based on your own situation. According to your situation, you had surgery three months ago, so it is better to use medication abortion.
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a foreign object. After it is inserted into the uterus, the body needs time to adapt. Most women using an IUD for contraception experience no adverse reactions, while a few may have some side effects and complications. If you experience lower back and sacral pain, lower abdominal fullness, bloody discharge, spotting, irregular vaginal bleeding, increased menstrual flow, or shortened menstrual cycles after inserting the IUD, this may also be a side effect of the IUD.

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