Evolutionary Theory and Chinese Radicalism (1859-1924)

Author: Wu Pi
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-09-01
Features: From the late 19th century to the 1970s, this period spanned approximately 80 years and can be referred to as China's "Evolutionary Era," as evolutionary theory had a significant influence during this time. It can also be called China's "Radical Era," as radicalism was most pronounced and deeply influenced by evolutionary theory. The focus of this book is on the first half of this period, from the Self-Strengthening Movement to the May Fourth New Culture Movement. Based on an overview of Western evolutionary theory and traditional Chinese evolutionary thought, the book primarily analyzes the impact of Western evolutionary theory on China. Using Yan Fu, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao, and Sun Yat-sen as key figures, it employs extensive historical materials and documents to illustrate the intellectual journey of Chinese intellectuals in accepting, promoting, and practicing evolutionary theory from the Self-Strengthening Movement to the May Fourth New Culture Movement. It distinguishes between Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong's inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese evolutionary thought, and between Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, and Sun Yat-sen's adoption of Western evolutionary theory. Additionally, the book argues and reflects on the influence of evolutionary theory on Chinese radicalism. The comparison of the three different evolutionary views during the May Fourth New Culture Movement broadens the scope and perspective of this study, providing a wider lens for understanding the role of political thought in China's late Qing and early Republican periods in shaping revolutionary practice.