"Revised and Research on The Art of War"

Author: Zhou Bin
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2003-05-01
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1.05.10 A woman has a temper, and temperament refers to sincerity within, which must be seen on the outside. Therefore, those with a rough and harsh temperament have a deep and scattered voice; those with a meticulous and careful temperament have a harmonious and rhythmic voice; those with a petty and violent temperament have a rough and wild voice; those with a generous and gentle temperament have a warm and smooth voice. Trust is easy in temperament, righteousness is relaxed in temperament, harmony is concise in temperament, and courage is strong in temperament. This is called listening to temperament. [Note 1] [Exam 1] ① Ji: originally "ji," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ② Zhi: originally "zhi," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ③ Jin: originally absent, added according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ④ Ji: originally "ji," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ⑤ Qing: originally "jing," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ⑥ Se Yue: originally "se yi," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ⑦ Xie Dong Zuo Rong Tai: originally "ai dong zuo rong ai tai," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ⑧ Zheng Dong: originally "zheng" without "dong," added according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ⑨ Pian: originally "pian," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." [Original Note] [1] Because of the sound, it is placed in the reality, temperament gives birth to things, things give birth to sound, sound has hardness and softness, clarity and obscurity, all originate from sound, listen to the sound, observe the temperament, examine their actions, all can be known. [Exam 2] [Exam Source] [1] [2] "The Lost Zhou Book · Officials." "The Great Dai Records · Wen Wang Officials" has similar content. 1.05.11 There is also observing color. Observing color means that the inner temperament is stored, and it can all be taken from color. A sincere wisdom must have an incomplete color, [Note 1] a sincere benevolence must have a respectable color, [Note 2] a sincere courage must have an intimidating color, [Note 3] a sincere loyalty must have a admirable color, a sincere purity must have an untainted color, and a sincere integrity must have a believable color. The quality of color is vast and naturally calm, while false color is dazzling and chaotic. This is called observing color. [Note 4] [Exam 1] [Original Note] [1] Also said: A sincere wisdom must have a bright and insightful color. [Exam 2] [2] Also said: A sincere benevolence must have a gentle and tender color. [Exam 3] [3] Also said: A sincere courage must have a proud and vigorous color. [Exam 4] [4] "The Character" says: If the heart is bright and straight, its manner is firm and solid. If the heart is in line with reason, its manner is calm and leisurely. For benevolence, the essence of the eyes is①, calm and upright; for courage, the essence of the courage is②, loud and strong. The color of sorrow and hardship is lacking and desolate; the color of illness and pain is chaotic and messy②; the color of joy is pleasant and joyful; the color of anger is fierce and soaring; the color of jealousy and confusion is changeable③. Therefore, if the words are very joyful, but the true color does not follow, there is opposition in the heart; if the words are contrary, but the true color is believable, the words are not quick-witted; if the anger is seen before the words are spoken, the meaning is overflowing; if the anger follows after the words are spoken, it is forcing what is not right. All of these, even if one wants to oppose, the true color does not follow; if one is shocked and enlightened④, even if it changes, it can be known. [Exam 5] ① Eye: originally "gu," changed according to the annotation of "Nine Manifestations" in "The Character." ② Za: originally "li," changed according to the annotation of "Eight Observations" in "The Character." ③ Zhu: originally "gu," changed according to the annotation of "Eight Observations" in "The Character." ④ Gan: originally "wei," changed according to "The Character · Eight Observations." [Exam Source] [1] "The Great Dai Records · Wen Wang Officials." "The Lost Zhou Book, Officials" has similar content. [2] [3] [4] "The Character · Nine Manifestations." [5] "The Character · Eight Observations." 1.05.12 There is also examining intentions. Examining intentions means to speak with them and observe their intentions. Their temperament is broad and gentle, their color is frugal and not flattering①, their etiquette is to precede others, their words follow②, and they often see their own shortcomings, which is beneficial to people. If they like to show color to others, show arrogance to others, and win others with words, prevent their shortcomings, and discard their incompetence, it is harmful to people. [Note 1] Their appearance is straight and not disrespectful, their words are correct and not selfish, they do not disguise their beauty, do not hide their faults, and do not prevent their faults, it is a person of quality. [Note 2] If their appearance is crooked and flattering, their words are flattery and skillful, they disguise what they see, and they strive for small proofs to say that they themselves are self-righteous, it is a person without quality. [Note 3] If joy and anger are affected by things, but the color does not change, if they are confused by things, but their intentions do not confuse, if they are deeply guided by benefits, but their hearts do not change, if they are intimidated by power, but their temperament does not become humble, it is a person who keeps their heart firm and firm. [Note 4] If joy and anger are affected by things, but the heart changes, if they are confused by things, but their intentions are not disciplined, if they are shown benefits, but their hearts are moved, if they are intimidated by power, but their temperament is fearful, it is a person with a petty heart and a false temperament. [Note 5] If they are set with things and often decide, if they are startled by sudden things and often respond, if they are not refined but wise, it is a person with wisdom and thought. [Note 6] If they are difficult to set with things, difficult to persuade with words, they stick to one and do not know how to change, and they are stubborn and do not know how to change, it is a foolish person. [Note 7] If they shut their mouths and do not care, they are selfish and do not protect themselves, and they force them to be wrong, it is a person who slanders and envies. [Note 8] This is called examining intentions. [Note 9] [Exam 1] 2.10.07 Someone said: "Zong Qu's low status was despised by Yu Ye; when he was noble, he asked Yu Ye to be the head of the long history①. How?" [Exam 1] Pei Ziye said: "Poverty without grief, low status without confusion, tranquility in nature, and expanding this great cause, it is the virtue of Zeng and Yuan. Lowering one's aspirations and humiliating oneself, bowing one's brows and breaking one's back, enduring humiliation under the mediocre, and being noble above the heroes, it is the ambition of Han and Qing. The act of lowering one's status is the same, but the feeling of being humble is different. If Zong Yuanguan is not ashamed of the grass, he has the measure of Han and Qing; finally abandoning old evils, how long!" [Note 1] [Exam 2] [Original Note] [1] Song Zong Qu's low status, the state person Yu Ye is rich, and he must treat guests in the square, but he sets rice and food for Zong Qu, and Zong Qu also gets full. When he was the governor of Yu, he asked Yu Ye to be the head of the long history. [Exam 3] [Exam Source] [1] Zhao Rui's words [2] Pei Ziye's "Song." Not recorded in other books. [3] "Song Book" Volume 76 and "Southern History" Volume 37 of the "Zong Qu Biography." 2.10.08 It is said that Li Ji sells friendship, because he deceived Lu Lu, how is it in terms of reason? [Exam 1] Ban Gu said: "Selling friendship means forgetting righteousness for profit. If Ji, his father was a meritorious minister and was seized, although he suppressed Lu Lu to stabilize the state, righteousness exists for the king and relatives, which is acceptable." [Exam 2] [Exam Source] [1] Zhao Rui's words. [2] "Han Book" Volume 41 "Praise." 2.10.09 Someone said: "Jin Yun abandoned his relatives to defend the city, can it be called loyal?" [Exam 1] Xu Zhong said: "Jin Yun to Cao Gong, he did not become a king and minister. Mother, the closest relative, should be served according to reason. In the past, Wang Ling's mother was detained by Xiang Yu, and her mother committed suicide because she believed that Emperor Gaozu would definitely get the world, in order to solidify Wang Ling's ambition. Only when the heart is not tied to anything can one serve others and fulfill their death and loyalty. Wei Gong's son Kaifang served in Qi for ten years without returning, Guan Zhong thought that he did not cherish his parents, how could he love the king, and he could not be the prime minister. Therefore, to seek loyal ministers, one must seek filial sons. Jin should first save his closest relatives. Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Gong, and Liu Bei sent Xu Shu back, wanting to be a world leader①, he forgave his son's feelings. You should also send Jin Yun back." [Note 1] [Exam 2] [Original Note] [1] Wei Taizu attacked Xu Province②, and he sent Cheng Yu to stay in Zhencheng. Zhang Miao rebelled against Wei Taizu and welcomed Lu Bu, and Lu Bu captured Jin Yun's mother. Wei Taizu sent Yu to persuade Jin Yun not to abandon his mother because of his mother and to firmly defend Fan. Jin Yun shed tears and said: "I dare not have two hearts." [Exam 3] [Exam Source] [1] Zhao Rui's words. [2] Xu Zhong's "Three Kingdoms Comment," quoted in the annotation of Volume 14 of "The Three Kingdoms Biography" by Pei. [3] "The Three Kingdoms Biography" Volume 14 "Cheng Yu Biography." 2.10.10 Wei Emperor Wen asked Wang Lang and others: "In the past, Ziyuan governed Zheng, and people could not deceive. Zijie governed Shanfu, and people could not bear to deceive. Ximen Bao governed Ye, and people could not dare to deceive. The talents of these three are superior to the virtue of the king?" [Exam 1] The answer was: "If the king relies on virtue, then the ministers will feel righteousness and will not bear to deceive. If the king relies on vigilance, then the ministers will be afraid of being discovered and will not deceive. If the king relies on punishment, then the ministers will be afraid of punishment and will not deceive. Relying on virtue and feeling righteousness is the same as guiding virtue and etiquette, having shame and being standardized, which are all the same. Relying on vigilance and fearing punishment is the same as guiding politics and punishment, and it is the same as being blameless and shameless. The difference between superiority and inferiority depends on the weighing, not just the awareness of the hook and the weight." [Exam 2] 4.17.19 Wei Taizu Wudi Emperor, from Piao Guo Qiao, surnamed Cao, styled Mengde. During the Ling Emperor, he was the Commandant of the Imperial Guards. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the eunuchs seized power, and He Jin plotted to eliminate the eunuchs, but the empress did not agree. He Jin then summoned fierce generals from all over the world to lead their troops to the capital, intending to intimidate the empress. When Dong Zhuo arrived, he deposed the emperor and made him the King of Hongnong, and then established Emperor Xian. The capital was in chaos, and the emperor fled across the border, arriving in Chenliu, dispersing his family wealth, and combining with the righteous army in Jiwu②. He joined the generals of the rear general Yuan Shu, the governor of Ji Province Han Fu③, the governor of Yu Province Kong Bo, the governor of Yan Province Liu Dai, and the governor of Bohai Province Yuan Shao, starting an army at the same time①, each with tens of thousands of people②, and nominating Yuan Shao as the league leader. [Note 2] Cao Gong served as the General of Fendu③. When Dong Zhuo reviewed the army and rose, he moved the emperor to Chang'an, and Dong Zhuo left troops to garrison Luoyang. The Minister of Justice Wang Yun and Lü Bu killed Dong Zhuo. Yang Feng and Han Xian returned the emperor to Luoyang. The emperor arrived in Luoyang to guard the capital, and Han Xian fled. The emperor found that Luoyang was burned and destroyed, and the emperor moved to Xu. [Exam 1] [Original Note] [1] Chen Lin advised: "The Book of Changes says 'hunting deer without a guardian,' and the proverb says 'covering your eyes to catch sparrows.' Things are small and still cannot be deceived to achieve success, let alone the great matters of the country and the false establishment. Now the general controls the imperial authority and holds the key to the army, with the posture of a dragon leaping and a tiger staring, high and low in mind. To do so is no different from striking a furnace with a hammer and burning hair, but one should quickly issue thunder and lightning and take decisive action, following the law and the way, heaven and earth will follow. Instead, you release your weapon and seek external help, once the army gathers, the strong will be the dominant, which is called holding the dry weapon and giving the handle to others, there will be no success, only chaos." His advice was not accepted. [Exam 2] [2] A platform was set up, and an alliance was sworn. Zang Hong held the plate and drank blood while swearing: "The Han family is unfortunate, the imperial law is lost, the traitor Dong Zhuo seized the opportunity and acted arrogantly, harming the emperor and poisoning the people. I am deeply afraid of the decline of the state⑤ and the devastation of the four seas. The Governor of Yan Province Liu Dai and the Governor of Yu Province Kong Bo and others gathered righteous troops and rushed to the national crisis. All of us who are allied must work together with one heart and one purpose, to fulfill our duties, to sacrifice our heads and lives, we must have no second intentions, and if we violate this alliance, may we lose our lives, we will not leave any descendants. Heaven and earth, and the spirits of our ancestors, will surely witness it." Hong was moved and shed tears, and those who heard were moved. [Exam 3] [Exam Source] [1] "The Three Kingdoms Biography" Volume 1 "Emperor Wu's Biography." [2] "The Later Han Book" Volume 69 "He Jin Biography." "The Three Kingdoms Biography" Volume 21 "Chen Lin Biography" is similar. [3] "The Three Kingdoms Biography" Volume 7 "Zang Hong Biography." "The Later Han Book" Volume 58 "Zang Hong Biography" is similar. 4.17.20 An edict was issued, blaming Yuan Shao for having a vast land and a strong army, and for relying solely on his own party and not hearing the army that helped the king. [Note 1] Shao then attacked Xu, and the emperor defeated him at Guandu, and Shao vomited blood and died. [Note 2]